Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Mar 2008
Intrathecally injected morphine inhibits inflammatory paw edema: the involvement of nitric oxide and cyclic-guanosine monophosphate.
Morphine can inhibit inflammatory edema in experimental animals. The mechanisms and sites by which opioids exert this effect are still under debate. Since the spinal level is a site for modulation of the neurogenic component of inflammation, we investigated the effect of intrathecal (i.t.) administration of morphine, and the involvement of spinal nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic-guanosine monophosphate-GMP pathway in carrageenan (CG)-induced paw edema. ⋯ These results support the idea that morphine can act on opioid receptors at the spinal level to produce antiedematogenic, and that the NO/cGMP pathway seems to be an important mediator in this effect.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Mar 2008
The effects of intrathecal cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, or nonselective inhibitors on pain behavior and spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity.
Prostaglandins are synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) and are thought to play an important role in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. Fos expression is an indicator of spinal neuron activation. We examined the role of intrathecal selective and nonspecific COX inhibitors on spinal C-Fos expression. ⋯ A dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 suppressed both responses of formalin-evoked behaviors and FLI expression of whole laminae in the lumbar spinal cord. FLI expression of laminae I-II alone may not be a good indicator of the ability to produce anti-hypersensitivity; however, the FLI of laminae V-VI correlates with phase 2 responses.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Mar 2008
Xenon/hypothermia neuroprotection regimes in spontaneously breathing neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic insult: the respiratory and sedative effects.
Hypothermia (HT) reduces neuronal injury after perinatal asphyxia. The anesthetic gas xenon (XE) may enhance this effect. We investigated the sedative and respiratory effects of variable XE concentrations at 37 degrees C normothermia (NT) or 32 degrees C HT after a hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult to determine the concentration at which XE was a respiratory depressant in spontaneously breathing 7-day-old rat pups. ⋯ After HI insult, 70%Xe at both NT and HT induced sedation, respiratory depression, CO2 retention, and a decrease in pH relative to air and control groups. The effects were largely avoided with 50%Xe.