Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2009
Comparative StudyAn analysis of drug delivery dynamics via a pediatric central venous infusion system: quantification of delays in achieving intended doses.
Pediatric patients frequently receive continuous infusions of drugs via central venous catheters in the intensive care unit and the operating room. This study characterized drug delivery profiles in a quantitative laboratory model of a standard pediatric central venous infusion system. ⋯ Current infusion techniques in the pediatric care setting can result in significant, unrecognized, and potentially hazardous delays in achieving delivery of intended drug doses to the patient. Total flow rate, priming of the infusion system, the dead volume of the fluid path, and the start-up performance of the infusion pump system contribute to delays in achieving targeted rates of drug delivery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2009
Clinical TrialFractal cardiovascular dynamics and baroreflex sensitivity after stellate ganglion block.
It has been shown that stellate ganglion block can attenuate baroreflex sensitivity. Our primary purpose in this study was to determine whether fractal dynamics (dynamic change of self-similar fluctuation patterns) of not only heart rate but also systolic blood pressure variability are involved in attenuation of baroreflex sensitivity after stellate ganglion block. ⋯ Loss of complexity (status of being complex behavior) of both heart rate and systolic blood pressure variability, indicated by increased fractal slopes, is one mechanism in attenuating baroreflex sensitivity after stellate ganglion block.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2009
Comparative StudyThe relative exposure of the operating room staff to sevoflurane during intracerebral surgery.
Our primary aim in this study was to investigate whether escape of the volatile anesthetic sevoflurane from the surgical site during craniotomy for tumor resection increases the exposure of the neurosurgeon to the anesthetic when compared with the anesthesiologist. ⋯ The close proximity of the surgeon's breathing zone to the craniotomy window does not appear to be a source of increased exposure to sevoflurane. The observed higher exposure of the anesthesiologist to sevoflurane in the operating room environment warrants further exploration.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2009
The peripheral antinociceptive effects of endomorphin-1 and kynurenic acid in the rat inflamed joint model.
Several data suggest that both opioid and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized at the peripheral level, and drugs acting on these receptors may produce antinociception after topical administration; however, the antinociceptive effect of endogenous ligands at these receptors is poorly clarified. Our goal in this study was to determine the antinociceptive potency of the endogenous opioid peptide, endomorphin-1 (EM1), and the endogenous NMDA receptor antagonist, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and their interaction at the peripheral level in the rat inflamed joint model. ⋯ Peripherally administered endogenous opioid agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist ligands might be beneficial in inflammatory pain. Because both drugs barely cross the blood-brain barrier, their local administration causes no central side effects.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2009
Impact of multiaccess infusion devices on in vitro drug delivery during multi-infusion therapy.
Multiaccess infusion sets allow multiple simultaneous infusions but may induce interference in drug delivery resulting from large variations in the delivery rate of potent drugs. In this study, we sought to understand the influence of multiaccess infusion device properties (dead space volume and antireflux valve [ARV]) on drug delivery during multi-infusion therapy. ⋯ Multi-infusion therapy induces perturbation in drug delivery. These perturbations (lag time, backflow, and bolus) could be reduced by using infusion sets including very low dead space volume and an ARV.