Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyLow-dose 3 mg levobupivacaine plus 10 microg fentanyl selective spinal anesthesia for gynecological outpatient laparoscopy.
Lidocaine selective spinal anesthesia has been effective for short-duration gynecological outpatient laparoscopy. We compared the intraoperative effectiveness, anesthetic recovery times, and patient satisfaction after levobupivacaine-fentanyl versus lidocaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia during short-duration gynecological laparoscopy. ⋯ Levobupivacaine 3 mg plus 10 microg fentanyl may be used as a suitable alternative to 10 mg lidocaine plus 10 microg fentanyl for spinal anesthesia of short duration. It achieved a clinically equivalent time for resolution of sensory block, similar intraoperative conditions, and comparable patient satisfaction..
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyIntraoperative ventilatory strategies for prevention of pulmonary atelectasis in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.
Atelectasis occurs regularly after induction of general anesthesia, persists postoperatively, and may contribute to significant postoperative morbidity and additional health care costs. Laparoscopic surgery has been reported to be associated with an increased incidence of postoperative atelectasis. It has been shown that during general anesthesia, obese patients have a greater risk of atelectasis than nonobese patients. Preventing atelectasis is important for all patients but is especially important when caring for obese patients. ⋯ Intraoperative alveolar recruitment with a VCM followed by PEEP 10 cm H(2)O is effective at preventing lung atelectasis and is associated with better oxygenation, shorter PACU stay, and fewer pulmonary complications in the postoperative period in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyAn ultra-low dose of naloxone added to lidocaine or lidocaine-fentanyl mixture prolongs axillary brachial plexus blockade.
In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the effect of an ultra-low dose of naloxone added to lidocaine and fentanyl mixture on the onset and duration of axillary brachial plexus block. ⋯ The addition of an ultra-low dose of naloxone to lidocaine 1.5% solution with or without fentanyl solution in axillary brachial plexus block prolongs the time to first postoperative pain and motor blockade but also lengthens the onset time.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA comparison of three videolaryngoscopes: the Macintosh laryngoscope blade reduces, but does not replace, routine stylet use for intubation in morbidly obese patients.
Many manufacturers are producing videolaryngoscopes (VLSs) with differing specifications, user interfaces, and geometry. It is clinically relevant to know the relative performance of the blades. Visualization of the glottis and intubation are often problematic in (extremely) obese patients, and the new video technology may offer better functionality and performance. Although many tracheal intubations with direct laryngoscopy are performed with an unstyletted endotracheal tube, it is recommended to use a stylet for intubation using videolaryngoscopy. In this study, we compared 3 VLSs in morbidly obese patients undergoing intubation for elective surgery and tested whether it is feasible to intubate the tracheas of morbidly obese patients without using a stylet. ⋯ In this study, the VLS with the Macintosh blade (Storz VLS) had a better overall satisfaction score, intubation time, number of intubation attempts, and necessity of extra adjuncts, compared with the 2 other tested devices.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialA randomized clinical trial investigating the relationship between aprotinin and hypercoagulability in off-pump coronary surgery.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery is associated with a hypercoagulable state in which the platelet thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), helps propagate a thrombin burst within saphenous vein grafts. Aprotinin, used in cardiothoracic surgery mainly for its antifibrinolytic properties, also spares platelet PAR-1 activation due to thrombin. We hypothesized that this PAR-1 antagonistic property provides an antithrombotic benefit during OPCAB surgery. ⋯ This study demonstrates that aprotinin protects patients undergoing OPCAB surgery from a hypercoagulable state by diminishing thrombin-induced platelet activation and thrombin generation within saphenous vein grafts, while maintaining systemic hemostatic and antifibrinolytic benefits. These results support further investigation of aprotinin and other PAR-1 antagonists in OPCAB surgery.