Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Behavioral analysis of children's response to induction of anesthesia.
It is documented that children experience distress at anesthesia induction, but little is known about the prevalence of specific behaviors exhibited by children. ⋯ Children undergoing anesthesia display a range of distress and nondistress behaviors. A group of behaviors was identified that, when displayed on the walk to the operating room, is associated with less distress at anesthesia induction. These data provide the first examination of potentially regulating behaviors of children, but more detailed sequential analysis is required to validate specific functions of these behaviors.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Ultrasound-guided paravertebral block using an intercostal approach.
We describe an ultrasound-guided technique of continuous bilateral paravertebral block using an intercostal approach in 12 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Postoperatively, each of the patient's paravertebral catheters was bolused with 10 mL lidocaine (15 mg/mL), and each of the patient's catheters was infused with 0.2% ropivacaine at 10 mL/h. ⋯ The median verbal pain score on postoperative day 1 was 5.5 (interquartile range, 3.5-6), and median dose of IV hydromorphone consumed during the first 24 h after surgery was 1.9 mg (interquartile range, 0.7-5.05). All catheters were removed within 72 h after surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Maximizing prediction probability PK as an alternative semiparametric approach to estimate the plasma effect-site equilibration rate constant ke0.
The k(e)(0) value is the first order rate constant determining the equilibration of drugs between plasma or end-tidal concentration and effect-site (e.g., brain) concentration. Parametric and semiparametric approaches have been used for estimating individual k(e)(0) values and describing the drug-response curve. In this study, we introduce a new semiparametric approach calculating k(e)(0) values for isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane by maximizing the prediction probability P(K). ⋯ Maximizing the prediction probability P(K) for estimating k(e)(0) seems to be a promising method that researchers could use on an exploratory basis.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2009
Comparative StudyIncrease in quality, but not quantity, of clinical trials in acute pain: 1992 versus 2007.
The annual number of published clinical trials in acute postoperative pain in adults has changed little in 15 yr and, as a fraction of all clinical trials published in the six highest impact journals in anesthesiology, has actually decreased from 16% (95% confidence interval: 12-20) to 11% (95% confidence interval: 9-15). However, the methodological quality of reports has improved, with explicit statements on power analysis, allocation concealment, and specification of primary end points exceeding 90% of reports in 2007. There has been a shift in hypothesis interests away from neuraxial analgesia and toward multimodal analgesia.