Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyUltrasound versus landmark-based technique for ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve blockade in children: the implications on plasma levels of ropivacaine.
Ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve blockade (INB) is associated with high plasma concentrations of local anesthetics (LAs) in children. Ultrasonographic guidance enables exact anatomical administration of LA, which may alter plasma levels. Accordingly, we compared plasma levels of ropivacaine after ultrasonographic versus landmark-based INB. ⋯ The pharmacokinetic data indicate faster absorption and higher maximal plasma concentration of LA when ultrasound was used as a guidance technique for INB compared with the landmark-based technique. Thus, a reduction of the volume of LA should be considered when using an ultrasound-guided technique for INB.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2009
Practice GuidelineConsensus statement: First International Workshop on Anesthetics and Alzheimer's disease.
In order to review the current status of the potential relationship between anesthesia and Alzheimer's disease, a group of scientists recently met in Philadelphia for a full day of presentations and discussions. This special article represents a consensus view on the possible link between Alzheimer's disease and anesthesia and the steps required to test this more definitively.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2009
The effect of inguinal compression, Valsalva maneuver, and reverse Trendelenburg position on the cross-sectional area of the femoral vein in children.
For facilitation of femoral venous cannulation, the larger cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vein is helpful and can be achieved by inguinal compression, Valsalva maneuver, or the reverse Trendelenburg position. In this study, we evaluated these methods using ultrasonography in children. ⋯ Inguinal compression effectively increases the CSA of the femoral vein and its effect is also prominent in the Trendelenburg position. Valsalva maneuver is more effective in small children. Gravitational position changes have little effect on the size of the femoral vein in children.