Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2010
The effect of preoperative heart rate and anxiety on the propofol dose required for loss of consciousness.
Conflicting results have been reported on the effect of anxiety on the propofol dose required for inducing loss of consciousness (LOC). The hemodynamic effects of anxiety, increased heart rate (HR), and cardiac output may account for these discrepancies. We therefore designed this study to address, first, the effect of perioperative HR on propofol dose required for LOC and, second, the effect of perioperative anxiety on HR. ⋯ Increased perioperative HR is associated with increased propofol dose required for LOC. Perioperative anxiety accounts for increased HR.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2010
Plasmapheresis and heparin reexposure as a management strategy for cardiac surgical patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) complicates the management of patients presenting for cardiac surgery, because high-dose heparin anticoagulation for cardiopulmonary bypass is contraindicated in these patients. Alternative anticoagulants are available, but there are concerns about dosing, efficacy, monitoring, thrombosis, and hemorrhage. ⋯ This case series describes an alternative management strategy using intraoperative plasmapheresis for patients presenting for cardiac surgery with acute or subacute HIT. Reducing antibody load can potentially decrease the thrombotic risk associated with high anti-HPF4 titers and decrease the urgency to initiate postoperative anticoagulation in this patient group at high risk of postoperative bleeding.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2010
Transforaminal 5% phenol neurolysis for the treatment of intractable cancer pain.
This is the first case report of using a transforaminal approach for phenol administration. A 76-yr-old patient with a history of leiomyosarcoma and multiple metastatic lesions had unremitting pain in the right thoracic and lumbar regions and had prohibitive opioid-induced side effects. ⋯ The patient had complete resolution of pain, without any complications, and opioid treatment was nearly discontinued. Transforaminal phenol neurolysis is a reasonable treatment option for patients suffering from intractable pain for whom conventional therapies have proven ineffective.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2010
Comparative StudyThe systemic toxicity of equipotent proxymetacaine, oxybuprocaine, and bupivacaine during continuous intravenous infusion in rats.
Although proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine produce topical ocular and spinal anesthesia, they have never been tested as cutaneous anesthetics. We compared cutaneous analgesia of proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine with bupivacaine and tested their central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity. ⋯ Oxybuprocaine and proxymetacaine were more potent at producing cutaneous anesthesia but were less potent than bupivacaine at producing central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2010
The effects of resiniferatoxin in an experimental rat thoracotomy model.
Chronic pain after thoracotomy has been reproduced in a rat model that allows investigation of drugs that might reduce the incidence of allodynia after thoracotomy. Previous studies suggest that morphine, clonidine, neostigmine, gabapentin, and bupivacaine reduce the incidence of allodynia in the rat postthoracotomy pain model. One purpose of this study was to test whether intercostal injection of resiniferatoxin (RTX) decreased the amount of allodynia in an animal model of chronic postthoracotomy pain. We also tested whether RTX induced a transient mechanical hyperalgesic response in uninjured animals. ⋯ The current results suggest that intercostal RTX causes a transient hyperalgesic response in uninjured animals and is ineffective in reducing the mechanical allodynia after thoracotomy.