Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2013
The effect of passive leg elevation and/or trendelenburg position on the cross-sectional area of the internal jugular vein in infants and young children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease.
In this study we evaluated the effect of passive leg elevation (LE) and Trendelenburg (T) position on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in infants and young children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. A secondary aim was to compare the CSA of the IJV between subjects with right-to-left (RL) shunt and left-to-right (LR) shunt. ⋯ Passive LE was as effective as T position to increase the CSA of the IJV, but there was no clinically significant increase in the CSA with any single maneuver. Only T position with passive LE achieved a clinically significant increase in the CSA of both IJVs in infants and young children with LR shunt, but not in the same age group with RL shunt.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2013
Status of anesthesiology resident research education in the United States: structured education programs increase resident research productivity.
The enhancement of resident research education has been proposed to increase the number of academic anesthesiologists with the skills and knowledge to conduct meaningful research. Program directors (PDs) of the U.S. anesthesiology residency programs were surveyed to evaluate the status of research education during residency training and to test the hypothesis that structured programs result in greater resident research productivity based on resident publications. ⋯ Our findings suggest that structured residency research programs are associated with higher resident research productivity. The program duration and the fraction of faculty in resident research education did not significantly increase research productivity. Research training is an integral component of resident education, but the mandatory enhancement of resident research education will require a significant change in the culture of academic anesthesiology leadership and faculty.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2013
The involvement of potassium channels in the peripheral antiedematogenic effect of intrathecally injected morphine in rats.
A previous study indicated that intrathecal administration of morphine reduces experimental inflammatory edema in rats by activating the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. This evidence supports the hypothesis that potassium channel opening may play an important role in mediating morphine's effect under such conditions. ⋯ These results support the hypothesis that the peripheral antiedematogenic effect produced by intrathecal morphine is mediated by potassium channel activation. Furthermore, this opioid effect does not involve the inhibition of acute neutrophil migration but does involve a reduction in capillary recruitment.