Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2021
ReviewPerioperative Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: A Review With the Emphasis on Randomized Controlled Trials and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
The perioperative use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy has increased substantially in recent years, particularly in relationship to the treatment of patients with known or suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is common in the surgical population and is reported as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications, intensive care unit admission, and increased length of hospital stay. A large proportion of OSA patients are undiagnosed at the time of surgery and can therefore not be optimized preoperatively. ⋯ Studies of postoperative outcomes in patients who have previously been prescribed CPAP for OSA and are therefore familiar with its use could help to address this shortcoming, but they are unfortunately lacking. This shortcoming should be addressed in future studies. Furthermore, many of the studies of the postoperative effect of CPAP in OSA patents are small, and therefore, single-center studies and larger randomized, controlled multicenter studies are warranted.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2021
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyAssessing Left Ventricular Early Diastolic Velocities With Tissue Doppler and Speckle Tracking by Transesophageal and Transthoracic Echocardiography.
Assessing diastolic dysfunction is essential and should be part of every routine echocardiography examination. However, clinicians routinely observe lower mitral annular velocities by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under anesthesia than described by awake transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). It would be important to know whether this difference persists under constant loading conditions. We hypothesized that mean early diastolic mitral annular velocity, measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI, JOURNAL/asag/04.03/00000539-202105000-00029/inline-graphic1/v/2021-04-15T211206Z/r/image-tiff) would be different in the midesophageal 4-chamber (ME 4Ch) than in the apical 4-chamber (AP 4Ch) view under unchanged or constant loading conditions. Secondarily we examined (1) JOURNAL/asag/04.03/00000539-202105000-00029/inline-graphic2/v/2021-04-15T211206Z/r/image-tiff in an alternative transesophageal view with presumed superior Doppler beam alignment, the deep transgastric view (DTG), compared to those in the AP 4Ch, and (2) early diastolic speckle tracking-based strain rate (JOURNAL/asag/04.03/00000539-202105000-00029/inline-graphic3/v/2021-04-15T211206Z/r/image-tiff), in the ME 4Ch and in the AP 4Ch. ⋯ This study confirms that TEE modestly underestimates JOURNAL/asag/04.03/00000539-202105000-00029/inline-graphic7/v/2021-04-15T211206Z/r/image-tiff but not to a clinically relevant extent. While JOURNAL/asag/04.03/00000539-202105000-00029/inline-graphic8/v/2021-04-15T211206Z/r/image-tiff in the DTG is not a promising alternative, the future role for speckle tracking-based early diastolic strain rate is unknown.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2021
Slow Dynamics of Acute Postoperative Pain Intensity Time Series Determined via Wavelet Analysis Are Associated With the Risk of Severe Postoperative Day 30 Pain.
Evidence suggests that increased early postoperative pain (POP) intensities are associated with increased pain in the weeks following surgery. However, it remains unclear which temporal aspects of this early POP relate to later pain experience. In this prospective cohort study, we used wavelet analysis of clinically captured POP intensity data on postoperative days 1 and 2 to characterize slow/fast dynamics of POP intensities and predict pain outcomes on postoperative day 30. ⋯ These findings identify latent mechanistic information within the temporal domain of clinically documented acute POP intensity ratings, which are accessible via wavelet analysis, and demonstrate that such temporal patterns inform pain outcomes at postoperative day 30.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2021
ReviewIntegrating Sleep Knowledge Into the Anesthesiology Curriculum.
There is common ground between the specialties of anesthesiology and sleep medicine. Traditional sleep medicine curriculum for anesthesiology trainees has revolved around the discussion of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its perioperative management. ⋯ The range of topics include not only the basics of the physiology of sleep and sleep-disordered breathing (eg, OSA and central sleep apnea) but also insomnia, sleep-related movement disorders (eg, restless legs syndrome), and disorders of daytime hypersomnolence (eg, narcolepsy) in the perioperative and chronic pain settings. Awareness of these topics is relevant to the scope of knowledge of anesthesiologists as perioperative physicians as well as to optimal sleep health and physician wellness and increase consideration among current anesthesiology trainees for the value of dual credentialing in both these specialties.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2021
Association of Preoperative Pneumonia With Postsurgical Morbidity and Mortality in Children.
Pneumonia is a common lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) and the leading cause of pediatric hospitalization in the United States. Given its frequency, children with pneumonia may require surgery during their hospital course. This poses serious anesthetic and surgical challenges because preoperative pulmonary status is among the most important risk factors for postoperative complications. Although recent adult data indicated that preoperative pneumonia was associated with poor surgical outcomes, comparable data in children are lacking. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the association of preoperative pneumonia with postoperative mortality and morbidity in children. ⋯ Preoperative pneumonia was strongly associated with increased incidence of postoperative mortality and complications in children. Clinicians should make concerted efforts to screen for preoperative pneumonia and consider whether proceeding with surgery is the most expedient course of action. Our findings may be helpful in preoperative discussions with parents of children with preoperative pneumonia for risk stratification and postoperative resource allocation purposes.