Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
ReviewCerebral Hypoxia: Its Role in Age-Related Chronic and Acute Cognitive Dysfunction.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been reported with widely varying frequency but appears to be strongly associated with aging. Outside of the surgical arena, chronic and acute cerebral hypoxia may exist as a result of respiratory, cardiovascular, or anemic conditions. Hypoxia has been extensively implicated in cognitive impairment. ⋯ Herein, we discuss the various disease processes and forms in which hypoxia may contribute to POCD. Furthermore, we outline hypoxia-related mechanisms, such as hypoxia-inducible factor activation, cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular reserve, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to cognitive impairment and how these mechanisms interact with aging. Finally, we discuss opportunities to prevent and manage POCD related to hypoxia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudySugammadex Versus Neostigmine for Reversal of Rocuronium Neuromuscular Block in Patients Having Catheter-Based Neurointerventional Procedures: A Randomized Trial.
Catheter-based endovascular neurointerventions require deep neuromuscular blocks during the procedure and rapid subsequent recovery of strength to facilitate neurological evaluation. We tested the primary hypothesis that sugammadex reverses deep neuromuscular blocks faster than neostigmine reverses moderate neuromuscular blocks. ⋯ Sugammadex reversed deep rocuronium neuromuscular blocks considerably faster than neostigmine reversed moderate neuromuscular blocks. However, times to extubation did not differ significantly, apparently because extubation was largely determined by the time required for awaking from general anesthesia and because clinicians were willing to extubate before full neuromuscular recovery. Sugammadex may nonetheless be preferable to procedures that require a deep neuromuscular block and rapid recovery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
Influence of Different Measurements on the Ability of P-SAP and DES-OSA Scores to Detect Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Severe obstructive sleep apnea (sOSA) represents a risk factor of postoperative complications. Perioperative sleep apnea prediction (P-SAP) and DES-obstructive sleep apnea (DES-OSA) (DES being the acronym for 2 of the participating investigators and OSA for obstructive sleep apnea) scores were validated in the detection of such patients. They include the measurement of neck circumference (NC) and distance between thyroid and chin (DTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the measurement method of NC and DTC on the ability of the 2 scores to detect sOSA. ⋯ This study highlights that the measurement method of NC and DTC can influence the results of the 2 scores. We conclude that a strict protocol for the measurement of NC and DTC should be applied (DTC measurement should be performed on a patient with a head in neutral position and the NC measurement should be performed at the cricoid level).