Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of prolonged low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on renal and hepatic function.
We assessed the effects of prolonged low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on renal and hepatic functions by comparing high-flow sevoflurane with low-flow isoflurane anesthesia. Thirty patients scheduled for surgery of > or =10 h in duration randomly received either low-flow (1 L/min) sevoflurane anesthesia (n = 10), high-flow (6-10 L/min) sevoflurane anesthesia (n = 10), or low-flow (1 L/min) isoflurane anesthesia (n = 10). We measured the circuit concentrations of Compound A and serum fluoride. Renal function was assessed by blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and urinary excretion of glucose, albumin, protein, and N:-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The hepatic function was assessed by serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. Compound A exposure was 277 +/- 120 (135-478) ppm-h (mean +/- SD [range]) in the low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia. The maximum concentration of serum fluoride was 53.6 +/- 5.3 (43.4-59.3) micromol/L for the low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, 47.1 +/- 21.2 (21.4-82.3) micromol/L for the high-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, and 7.4 +/- 3.2 (3.2-14.0) micromol/L for the low-flow isoflurane anesthesia. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were within the normal range, and creatinine clearance did not decrease throughout the study period in any group. Urinary excretion of glucose, albumin, protein, and N:-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase increased after anesthesia in all groups, but no significant differences were seen among the three groups at any time point after anesthesia. Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase on postanesthesia Day 1 were higher in the high-flow sevoflurane group than in the low-flow sevoflurane group. However, there were no significant differences in any other hepatic function tests among the groups. We conclude that prolonged low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia has the same effect on renal and hepatic functions as high-flow sevoflurane and low-flow isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ During low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, intake of Compound A reached 277 +/- 120 ppm-h, but the effect on the kidney and the liver was the same in high-flow sevoflurane and low-flow isoflurane anesthesia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2000
Comparative StudyOff-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and postoperative renal dysfunction.
Renal dysfunction is a serious complication after coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CABG). Because duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with renal outcome, it has been proposed that avoidance of CPB with off-pump coronary bypass (OPCAB) may reduce perioperative renal insult. We therefore tested the hypothesis that OPCAB is associated with less postoperative renal dysfunction compared with CABG surgery. With IRB approval, we gathered data for 690 primary elective coronary bypass patients (OPCAB, 55; CABG, 635). Perioperative change in creatinine clearance (DCrCl) was calculated by using preoperative (CrPre) and peak postoperative (CrPost) serum creatinine values, and the Cockroft-Gault equation (DCrCl = CrPreCl - CrPostCl). Univariate and linear multivariate tests were used in this retrospective analysis; P: < 0.05 was considered significant. Multivariate analysis did not identify OPCAB surgery as an independent predictor of DCrCl. However, previously reported associations of PreCrCl, age, and diabetes with DCrCl were confirmed. Power analysis demonstrated an 80% power to detect a 7.0 mL/min DCrCl difference between study groups. In this retrospective study, we could not confirm that OPCAB significantly reduces perioperative renal dysfunction compared with CABG surgery. Our findings suggest that reduction of renal risk alone should not be an indication for OPCAB over CABG surgery. ⋯ Retrospective analysis did not identify any significant difference in perioperative change in creatinine clearance after coronary revascularization with cardiopulmonary bypass compared with off-pump coronary surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2000
Case ReportsThe successful use of regional anesthesia to prevent involuntary movements in a patient undergoing awake craniotomy.
The authors demonstrate that the combination of single and continuous peripheral nerve blocks allows the control of involuntary movements in patients undergoing awake craniotomy.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2000
Perianesthetic risks and outcomes of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma resection.
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are often surgically curable. However, resection of these tumors can be life threatening. We undertook this study to determine the frequency of, and risk factors for, perioperative complications in patients undergoing resection of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients during 1983-1996 who underwent surgical resection of catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. Preoperative risk factors, adverse intraoperative events, and complications occurring in the 30 days after operation were recorded. Blood pressures were collected from manual records. The ranked sum test and Fisher's exact test were used for analyses. Adverse perioperative events or complications occurred in 45 of 143 patients (31.5%; exact 95% confidence interval, 24.0% to 39.8%). Of these 45 patients, 41 experienced one or more adverse intraoperative events. The most common adverse event was sustained hypertension (36 patients). There were no perioperative deaths, myocardial infarctions, or cerebrovascular events. Preoperative factors univariately associated with adverse perioperative events included larger tumor size (P: = 0.007), prolonged duration of anesthesia (P: = 0.015), and increased levels of preoperative urinary catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites: vanillylmandelic acid (P: = 0.019), metanephrines (P: = 0.004), norepinephrine (P: = 0. 014), and epinephrine (P: = 0.004). Despite premedication of most patients with phenoxybenzamine and a beta-adrenergic blocker, varying degrees of intraoperative hemodynamic lability occurred. ⋯ Few patients who had pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma resection experienced significant perioperative morbidity and none died in the largest retrospective study on this topic to date. This study confirms the very good perioperative outcomes demonstrated in smaller studies on this high-risk population, and identifies several risk factors for adverse outcomes.