Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPostoperative analgesia after peripheral nerve block for podiatric surgery: clinical efficacy and chemical stability of lidocaine alone versus lidocaine plus clonidine.
Postoperative analgesia may be prolonged by the addition of clonidine to local anesthetic solutions used for regional anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis in a clinical trial of patients undergoing podiatric surgery. The study design was prospective, double-blinded, and randomized. ⋯ Group C20 results suggested no statistically significant improvement over plain lidocaine. One patient in Group C20 experienced significant hypotension postoperatively. pH determinations and chemical analysis by capillary electrophoresis showed no significant change in composition of the solutions when clonidine was mixed with lidocaine and stored at 4 degrees C for 1 wk. Compared to 1.73% lidocaine, combining clonidine (10 micrograms/mL) with lidocaine for local anesthetic block for foot surgery significantly increases the duration and quality of postoperative analgesia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialAwakening, clinical recovery, and psychomotor effects after desflurane and propofol anesthesia.
We compared postanesthetic and residual recovery of desflurane versus propofol anesthesia. Twenty volunteers were anesthetized for 1 h at 1-wk intervals with either propofol (induction) plus desflurane (1.25 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration) in O2 (PD), propofol plus desflurane in N2O-O2 (PDN), propofol plus propofol infusion with N2O-O2 (PPN), or desflurane (induction) plus desflurane in O2 (DD). Awakening and clinical recovery were measured. ⋯ At 1 h after anesthesia, the subjects given desflurane for maintenance (PD, PDN, and DD) performed significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) better in several psychomotor tests compared with those whose anesthesia was maintained with propofol (PPN). However, subjects met criteria for home readiness as fast after PPN as after PDN anesthesia (mean times +/- SE until fitness for discharge were 126 +/- 20, 81 +/- 14, 70 +/- 7, and 106 +/- 14 min after PD, PDN, PPN, and DD, respectively). Awakening and early psychomotor recovery for as long as 1 h after anesthesia is faster after desflurane than after propofol, but there was no difference in time to home readiness or in residual effects thereafter between propofol and desflurane with N2O in O2.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of the neuromuscular blocking effects of atracurium, mivacurium, and vecuronium on the adductor pollicis and the orbicularis oculi muscle in humans.
Both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and the adductor pollicis (AP) muscles have been used to indirectly quantify the extent of neuromuscular block of the respiratory muscles. To clarify any differences in response of these muscles to neuromuscular blocking drugs, the effects of two different doses of atracurium, mivacurium, and vecuronium on the AP and OO were studied. A new technique was used to measure the evoked mechanical response of the OO with accelerometry. ⋯ TOF 0.7 was shorter with the smaller dose of each drug, but there was no difference with the higher doses. It is concluded that it is possible to record the mechanical response of the OO muscle using a noninvasive method. There are differences between the responses of the OO and the AP to neuromuscular blockers that depend upon both the specific drug itself and the dose used.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe importance of the postoperative anesthetic visit: do repeated visits improve patient satisfaction or physician recognition?
This study evaluates whether repeated postoperative visits by the anesthesiologist improve patient ability to recall the anesthesiologist's name and the patient's perception of and satisfaction with anesthesia services. In a randomized, prospective trial, 144 patients with an anticipated postoperative length of stay of at least three days were enrolled in three groups: Group A patients (n = 48) had one postoperative visit, Group B (n = 48) had two postoperative visits, and Group C (n = 48) had three postoperative visits. All postoperative visits were performed by the attending anesthesiologist on consecutive postoperative days. ⋯ Patients could identify the anesthesiologist's gender approximately 85% of the time, regardless of group, and were more likely to identify female anesthesiologists (P = 0.026, odds ratio 3.3). Patient evaluation of hospital, surgical, and anesthesia care was favorable in all groups and did not vary with group. Increasing the number of postoperative visits does not improve patient name recognition of the anesthesiologist or increase patient satisfaction with or perception of anesthesia services.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1996
Comparative StudySmall-volume resuscitation using hypertonic saline improves organ perfusion in burned rats.
Resuscitation using small volumes (3-5 mL/kg) of 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS) is effective for hemorrhagic shock. Whether HTS is beneficial for the initial resuscitation of burn injury is not clear. We compared the hemodynamic effects of HTS versus lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and examined organ tissue perfusion during burn resuscitation (R). ⋯ Resuscitation using HTS was associated with rapid improvement in organ tissue perfusion in anesthetized rats subjected to burn injury. In comparison to LR, greater increases in blood flows to the heart, kidney, liver, and testis were observed with HTS. The results suggest that significant improvement in blood flow distribution can be achieved using HTS at less than one fifth the volume of LR for the initial treatment of burn shock.