Anesthesia and analgesia
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The neuromuscular blocking and cardiovascular effects of pipecuronium, in doses ranging 2-3 times its ED95, were evaluated in 46 patients during thiopental, fentanyl, N2O/O2 anesthesia. The neuromuscular blocking effect of pipecuronium was evaluated by recording of the mechanical twitch of the adductor pollicis muscle in response to stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and cardiac output were non-invasively measured during the onset of the neuromuscular blockade and compared to a saline control group to separate the effect of anesthesia from those of pipecuronium. ⋯ The time from the administration of pipecuronium to 5% recovery of T1 was 52.3 +/- 18.2 min in the group given 70 micrograms/kg. This was significantly longer in patients given 85 micrograms/kg (71.9 +/- 15.7 min) or 100 micrograms/kg (71.8 +/- 22.1 min). Times to the start of recovery of T1 and to 25% recovery of T1 showed a similar significant pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 1989
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialTetanic fade following administration of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs.
Fade in response to tetanic stimulation was studied following administration of atracurium 120 or 225 micrograms/kg, vecuronium 23 or 40 micrograms/kg, pancuronium 30 or 60 micrograms/kg, or d-tubocurarine 185 or 450 micrograms/kg. Ten patients received each dose and tetanic fade was measured at maximum block in the patients, who received the lower doses of the relaxants or at 10% recovery in those who received the higher doses. Fade during tetanic stimulation was generally similar in all the groups with the exception of the higher dose of pancuronium which showed a significantly greater fade in comparison with the higher doses of atracurium and d-tubocurarine. If fade in response to tetanic stimulation represents a prejunctional effect, the results from the present study suggest that neuromuscular blocking drugs cannot be differentiated with respect to their relative prejunctional effects by measurement of tetanic fade during established block after administration of clinically useful doses as used in the present study.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 1989
Comparative StudyComparison of bupivacaine- and ropivacaine-induced conduction blockade in the isolated rabbit vagus nerve.
Ropivacaine (LEA-103) is a new amino-amide local anesthetic agent the chemical structure and anesthetic properties of which are similar to bupivacaine. Preliminary studies in animals indicate that the CNS toxicities of ropivacaine and bupivacaine are similar, but that ropivacaine may have less arrhythmogenic effects than bupivacaine. The current study arrhythmogenic effects than bupivacaine. ⋯ Thus, at the concentrations tested, ropivacaine appears to produce relatively less blockade of motor fibers than does bupivacaine but with similar sensory blockade. The onset of this difference became significant as early as five minutes after the drug exposure was begun. No significant differences in recovery times were observed.