Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
Comparative StudyComparison of Liposomal Bupivacaine and Conventional Local Anesthetic Agents in Regional Anesthesia: A Systematic Review.
Pain is one of the most common adverse events after surgery. Regional anesthesia techniques are effective for pain control but have limited duration of action. Liposomal bupivacaine is a long-acting formulation of bupivacaine. We conduct this systematic review to assess whether liposomal bupivacaine may prolong the analgesic duration of regional anesthesia compared to conventional local anesthetic agents. ⋯ Currently, there is limited evidence suggesting that liposomal bupivacaine provides longer analgesia than conventional local anesthetics when used in regional anesthesia. The analyses of multiple studies on liposomal bupivacaine for TAP blocks and brachial plexus blocks have yielded conflicting results. As a result, no definitive conclusions can be drawn about its efficacy compared to plain bupivacaine.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
ReviewThe Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Interdisciplinary Consensus Statement on Neuraxial Procedures in Obstetric Patients With Thrombocytopenia.
Because up to 12% of obstetric patients meet criteria for the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, it is not infrequent that the anesthesiologist must decide whether to proceed with a neuraxial procedure in an affected patient. Given the potential morbidity associated with general anesthesia for cesarean delivery, thoughtful consideration of which patients with thrombocytopenia are likely to have an increased risk of spinal epidural hematoma with neuraxial procedures, and when these risks outweigh the relative benefits is important to consider and to inform shared decision making with patients. Because there are substantial risks associated with withholding a neuraxial analgesic/anesthetic procedure in obstetric patients, every effort should be made to perform a bleeding history assessment and determine the thrombocytopenia etiology before admission for delivery. ⋯ Through a systematic review and modified Delphi process, the taskforce concluded that the best available evidence indicates the risk of spinal epidural hematoma associated with a platelet count ≥70,000 × 106/L is likely to be very low in obstetric patients with thrombocytopenia secondary to gestational thrombocytopenia, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the absence of other risk factors. Ultimately, the decision of whether to proceed with a neuraxial procedure in an obstetric patient with thrombocytopenia occurs within a clinical context. Potentially relevant factors include, but are not limited to, patient comorbidities, obstetric risk factors, airway examination, available airway equipment, risk of general anesthesia, and patient preference.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
Propofol for Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia in Patients With Brugada Syndrome: A Single-Center, 25-Year, Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Propofol administration in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) is still a matter of debate. Despite lacking evidence for its feared arrhythmogenicity, up to date, expert cardiologists recommend avoiding propofol. The main aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of malignant arrhythmias or defibrillations in patients with BrS, during and 30 days after propofol administration. The secondary aim is to investigate the occurrence of adverse events during propofol administration and hospitalization, as the 30-day readmission and 30-day mortality rate. ⋯ The analysis of 304 anesthetic procedures in BrS patients, who received propofol, either as a TIVA or as a bolus during induction of volatile-based anesthesia, revealed no evidence of malignant arrhythmias or defibrillations. The present data do not support an increased risk with propofol-based TIVA compared to propofol-induced volatile anesthesia. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the electrophysiologic effects of propofol in BrS patents.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
Association Between Ionized Calcium Concentrations During Hemostatic Transfusion and Calcium Treatment With Mortality in Major Trauma.
Transfusion of citrated blood products may worsen resuscitation-induced hypocalcemia and trauma outcomes, suggesting the need for protocolized early calcium replacement in major trauma. However, the dynamics of ionized calcium during hemostatic resuscitation of severe injury are not well studied. We determined the frequency of hypocalcemia and quantified the association between the first measured ionized calcium concentration [iCa] and calcium administration early during hemostatic resuscitation and in-hospital mortality. ⋯ In our study, though most patients had hypocalcemia during the 1st3h of trauma center care, neither first [iCa] nor administered calcium dose corrected for citrate load were significantly associated with in-patient mortality. Clinically, hypocalcemia during early hemostatic resuscitation after severe injury is important, but specific treatment protocols must await better understanding of calcium physiology in acute injury.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2021
Association Between Antifibrinolytic Therapy and Perioperative Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Stents Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.
Patients with existing coronary artery stents are at an increased risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) when undergoing noncardiac surgery (NCS). Although the use of antifibrinolytic (AF) therapy in NCS has significantly increased in the past decade, the relationship between perioperative AF use and its association with MACEs among patients with existing coronary artery stents has yet to be assessed. In this study, we aim to evaluate the association of MACEs in patients with existing coronary artery stents who receive perioperative AF therapy during orthopedic surgery. ⋯ The results of this study are inconclusive whether an association exists between perioperative AF use in patients with coronary artery stents and the outcome of MACEs compared to patients who did not receive perioperative AF therapy. The authors acknowledge that the imprecise CI hinders the ability to definitively determine whether an association exists in the study population. Further large prospective studies, powered to detect differences in MACEs, are needed to assess the safety of perioperative AF in patients with existing coronary artery stents and to clarify the mechanism of perioperative MACEs in this high-risk population.