Military medicine
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This report describes the development and initial validation of the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale (RSES), a measure of individual differences in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to stressful life events. We validated this instrument with active-duty and reserve components of military and veterans samples (N = 1,014). The resulting 22-item scale demonstrated sound internal consistency (alpha = 0.91-0.93) and good test-retest reliability (r = 0.87). ⋯ Associations with other measures supported convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. In separate military samples, the RSES accounted for unique variance in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms above and beyond existing scales measuring resilience-related constructs, thereby demonstrating incremental validity. The RSES provides a brief, reliable, and valid measure of individual differences in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to life's most stressful events.
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The purpose of this project was to create a teaching module and evaluation tool for the prehospital assessment of patients with head injuries using the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Score scale. The teaching module consisted of an overview of brain injury scales, general characteristics of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the FOUR Score, demonstrations of the FOUR Score, and evaluation of the teaching module by participants. Participants determined that the FOUR Score is a viable alternative to the GCS, but took longer time to assess patients. Development of a more rapidly obtained FOUR Score, called the EMBR, is one option that may make this a viable alternative to the GCS.