Headache
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Comparative Study
Self-reported disability due to headache: a comparison of clinic patients and controls.
To compare the self-reported disability of headache sufferers who seek medical assistance with those who do not seek such help and determine possible relationships between perceived disability and psychological factors. ⋯ Clinic patients reported significantly greater disability on their occupation than controls--a difference emerging after controlling for level of headache pain and personality variables. Patients differed from controls, although not significantly, in the rank order of life activities most affected by headache. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-reported disability for occupation and the Hysteria scale from the MMPI-2 best differentiated the groups.
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Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is a well-recognized clinical syndrome that has been described in patients after an episode of migraine with visual aura (classic migraine) and, less commonly, after an episode of visual aura without headache (acephalgic migraine). Little emphasis, however, has been placed on migraine-associated retrobulbar or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. ⋯ We review the English language literature on ischemic optic neuropathy associated with migraine. Although most cases of ischemic optic neuropathy associated with migraine are of the anterior variety, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with acute loss of vision and evidence for a retrobulbar optic neuropathy, during or after an attack of migraine headache or following an otherwise typical episode of visual aura without headache (acephalgic migraine).
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Alternatives in drug treatment of chronic paroxysmal hemicrania.
Indomethacin is the drug of first choice in chronic paroxysmal hemicrania with clear relief of pain as a diagnostic criterion. In a few cases, indomethacin is not tolerated because of side effects. ⋯ The efficacy of sumatriptan in this condition needs still to be clarified, although there is evidence for partial efficacy. Carbamazepine and oxygen did not show any significant influence on chronic paroxysmal hemicrania.
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Comparative Study
The IHS classification criteria for migraine headaches in adolescents need minor modifications.
The operational and diagnostic criteria for migraine and all other headache disorders released in 1988 by the International Headache Society are universally considered reliable and exhaustive. These criteria, however, cannot be considered as satisfactory for population-based studies on migraine prevalence, especially if adolescents are the subjects of the study. Using these diagnostic criteria, we conducted an epidemiological study in order to assess the prevalence of migraine headache in a student population aged 11 to 14 years. ⋯ In adolescents, the low prevalence estimates of migraine headache coded IHS 1.1 and the relatively high prevalence estimates of headaches coded IHS 1.7 and IHS 13 have appeared to be a consequence of the rigidity of some operational diagnostic criteria of the recent IHS classification rather than of the geographical, environmental, or socioeconomical peculiarities of the cohort. Therefore, in order to improve the reliability and the exhaustiveness of the IHS classification by increasing its sensitivity, we believe that minor modifications of the diagnostic criteria are necessary. Within these revised criteria, the subitem "moderate or severe intensity" of pain headache should become mandatory, whereas the lower limit of the criterion "duration of pain" should be reduced to 1 hour.
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Comparative Study
Cerebrovascular reactivity measured by transcranial Doppler in migraine.
Changes in the diameter of intracranial arteries might have a major role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Though several studies have found alterations in velocity of blood flow and in cerebral vasomotor reactivity of intracranial arteries in migraineurs in headache-free periods, as well as during migraine attacks, the results are inconclusive. To determine if intracranial hemodynamic characteristics of patients with migraine differ from those of controls, we measured baseline velocity of blood flow by transcranial Doppler in the middle cerebral arteries in headache-free periods in 51 migraine patients and in 101 age-matched controls. ⋯ The difference stayed significant during acetazolamide stimulation, but the course of response did not differ between controls and migraineurs. Despite statistical significance, absolute differences were small. Therefore, middle cerebral artery velocity measurements and the acetazolamide test are not useful for the diagnosis of migraine in the interictal period.