European journal of clinical investigation
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · May 2021
Review Meta AnalysisThe association between serum homocysteine and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia is known to interfere with neurological functions; however, there is a controversy regarding the relationship between homocysteine and depression. ⋯ Homocysteinemia level is higher in individuals with depression. However, the depression diagnostic tool used is instrumental in influencing their association, and thus, future studies should focus on the tools for depression assessment.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · May 2021
Review Meta AnalysisTooth Brushing Frequency and Gastric and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers Risk: A Meta-analysis.
Results of epidemiological studies evaluating the association between toothbrushing and gastric and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk showed inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between toothbrushing and gastric and UADT cancer risk and quantify the dose-response association between them. ⋯ This meta-analysis suggested the negative relationship between frequency of toothbrushing and risk of gastric and UADT cancers. Toothbrushing may be a protective factor for gastric and UADT cancers. However, this association must be further validated through large prospective studies.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · May 2021
L-homoarginine is associated with decreased cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality.
Increasing evidence suggests that L-homoarginine, an endogenous analogue of the amino acid L-arginine, may have beneficial effects on vascular homeostasis. We examined whether L-homoarginine is associated with 10-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a black South African population. ⋯ Higher L-homoarginine levels are associated with reduced risk of 10-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Regulation of L-homoarginine levels as a therapeutic target in the management of cardiovascular disease should be investigated.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · May 2021
ReviewReconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates of COVID-19: an overview of systematic evaluations.
Estimates of community spread and infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 have varied across studies. Efforts to synthesize the evidence reach seemingly discrepant conclusions. ⋯ All systematic evaluations of seroprevalence data converge that SARS-CoV-2 infection is widely spread globally. Acknowledging residual uncertainties, the available evidence suggests average global IFR of ~0.15% and ~1.5-2.0 billion infections by February 2021 with substantial differences in IFR and in infection spread across continents, countries and locations.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · May 2021
ReviewUpdating concepts on atherosclerotic inflammation: from pathophysiology to treatment.
Atherosclerosis is recognized as a systemic low-grade inflammatory disease. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the inflammatory response and its timely resolution is a pivotal process in determining the clinical manifestations of cardiac and cerebral acute ischaemia following atherothrombosis. ⋯ Although a large amount of evidence from animal models of atherothrombotic disease, and promising results of clinical trials, anti-inflammatory treatments against atherosclerosis are not yet recommended. A deepest understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the mechanisms driving resolution of the acute inflammation will probably allow to identify the optimal molecular target.