European journal of clinical investigation
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Feb 2025
Review Meta AnalysisSodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for all-cause and cardiovascular death in people with different stages of CKD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, but emerging studies in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have inconsistent results. In this systematic review, we evaluate the effects of SGLT2is on cardiovascular mortality in people with CKD as a whole and across subgroups stratified by baseline kidney function and among people at low, moderate, high and very high risk according to KDIGO- CKD classification system. ⋯ PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022382863.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Feb 2025
Review Meta AnalysisEfficacy and safety of benralizumab in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A meta-analysis of eight studies.
Eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by multisystemic inflammation, with eosinophils playing a central role in its pathogenesis. Traditional management relies heavily on corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, which are associated with significant side effects. The emergence of biologic agents, such as benralizumab, offers targeted therapeutic options by inhibiting the interleukin-5 receptor α, thereby reducing eosinophilic inflammation. ⋯ These findings provide robust evidence supporting the use of benralizumab as an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for EGPA, significantly reducing OCS requirements and offering promising remission rates. Future research should focus on larger, multicentre RCTs to confirm these findings and further elucidate the long-term benefits and safety profile of benralizumab in EGPA.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Feb 2025
Meta AnalysisDiabetes and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among older adults: an individual participant data analysis of five prospective studies.
Guidelines and studies provide conflicting information on whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) should be considered a coronary heart disease risk (CHD) equivalent in older adults. ⋯ T2D was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in older adults, but T2D without CHD conferred lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to CHD without T2D. Our results suggest that T2D should not be considered a CHD risk equivalent in older adults.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Feb 2025
ReviewExploring omics signature in the cardiovascular response to semaglutide: Mechanistic insights and clinical implications.
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that offers significant cardiovascular benefits. ⋯ Future integration of proteomic and metabolomic data with artificial intelligence (AI) promises to improve prediction and monitoring of cardiovascular outcomes and may enable more accurate and effective management of cardiovascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes. This review highlights the transformative potential of integrating proteomics, metabolomics and AI to advance cardiovascular medicine and improve patient outcomes.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Feb 2025
Comparative StudyComparative assessment of phenotypic markers in patients with chronic inflammation: Differences on Bifidobacterium concerning liver status.
The relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and low-grade metabolic inflammation (MI) with the microbiota is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and developing effective therapeutic interventions. In this context, it has been observed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the immune regulation and inflammation contributing to the exacerbation through inflammatory mediators. This research aimed to describe similarities/differences in anthropometric, biochemical, inflammatory, and hepatic markers as well as to examine the putative role of gut microbiota concerning two inflammatory conditions: SLE and MI. ⋯ This study found phenotypical and microbial similarities and disparities between these two inflammatory conditions, evidenced in clinical and hepatic markers, and showed the interactive interplay between gut Bifidobacterium and liver health (measured by FLI) that occur in a different manner depending on the type of inflammatory disease. These results underscore the importance of personalized approaches and individual microbiota in the screening of different inflammatory situations, considering unique hepatic and microbiota profiles.