Lancet
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Review Meta Analysis
Interventions to prevent and reduce physician burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Physician burnout has reached epidemic levels, as documented in national studies of both physicians in training and practising physicians. The consequences are negative effects on patient care, professionalism, physicians' own care and safety, and the viability of health-care systems. A more complete understanding than at present of the quality and outcomes of the literature on approaches to prevent and reduce burnout is necessary. ⋯ Arnold P Gold Foundation Research Institute.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis.
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents. However, whether to use pharmacological interventions in this population and which drug should be preferred are still matters of controversy. Consequently, we aimed to compare and rank antidepressants and placebo for major depressive disorder in young people. ⋯ National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program).
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Multicenter Study Meta Analysis
Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents.
Overweight and obesity are increasing worldwide. To help assess their relevance to mortality in different populations we conducted individual-participant data meta-analyses of prospective studies of body-mass index (BMI), limiting confounding and reverse causality by restricting analyses to never-smokers and excluding pre-existing disease and the first 5 years of follow-up. ⋯ UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, US National Institutes of Health.
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Review Meta Analysis
Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies.
Several studies reported a U-shaped association between urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular disease events and mortality. Whether these associations vary between those individuals with and without hypertension is uncertain. We aimed to explore whether the association between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality is modified by hypertension status. ⋯ Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
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Aspirin is recommended for secondary prevention after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke on the basis of trials showing a 13% reduction in long-term risk of recurrent stroke. However, the risk of major stroke is very high for only the first few days after TIA and minor ischaemic stroke, and observational studies show substantially greater benefits of early medical treatment in the acute phase than do longer-term trials. We hypothesised that the short-term benefits of early aspirin have been underestimated. ⋯ Wellcome Trust, the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford.