Lancet
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Results of structural brain imaging studies of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have shown subtle reductions in total brain volume and in volumes of the right frontal lobe and caudate nucleus. Although various conventional volumetric and voxel-based methods of image analysis have been used in these studies, regional brain size and grey-matter abnormalities have not yet been mapped over the entire cortical surface in patients with this disorder. We aimed to map these features in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. ⋯ The frontal, temporal, and parietal regions are heteromodal association cortices that constitute a distributed neural system, which subserves attention and behavioural inhibition. We have identified region-specific anatomical abnormalities in cortical components of attentional systems, which may help better account for the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere and is caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi species complex. A complete presentation of the disease is an extremely unusual observation in which a skin lesion results from a tick bite and is followed by heart and nervous system involvement, and later on by arthritis. Late involvement of eye, nervous system, joints, and skin can also occur. ⋯ However, even erythema migrans might not be pathognomonic for Lyme borreliosis, especially in the southern part of the USA where there is no microbiological evidence for infection with the agent. Treatment with antibiotics is beneficial for all stages of Lyme borreliosis, but is most successful early in the course of the illness. Prevention relies mainly on avoiding exposure to tick bites but there is some interest in chemoprophylaxis and also in vaccine development following initial disappointments.