Lancet
-
Review Meta Analysis
Antioxidant supplements for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Oxidative stress can cause cancer. Our aim was to establish whether antioxidant supplements reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer and mortality. ⋯ We could not find evidence that antioxidant supplements can prevent gastrointestinal cancers; on the contrary, they seem to increase overall mortality. The potential preventive effect of selenium should be studied in adequate randomised trials.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Reduction of postoperative chemotherapy in children with stage I intermediate-risk and anaplastic Wilms' tumour (SIOP 93-01 trial): a randomised controlled trial.
Present treatment for Wilms' tumour is very successful. Now, efforts are aimed at reducing toxicity and burden of treatment by shortening schedules without loss of effectiveness. The objective of this randomised trial was to assess whether postoperative chemotherapy for patients with stage I intermediate-risk and anaplastic Wilms' tumour could be shortened to only 4 weeks from the standard 18 weeks, while maintaining equivalent event-free survival. ⋯ Shortening duration of chemotherapy could reduce acute and late side-effects and inconvenience for patient and parents while maintaining effectiveness, and could be beneficial in terms of health costs.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Two 8-month regimens of chemotherapy for treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: international multicentre randomised trial.
A WHO-recommended 8-month regimen based on ethambutol and isoniazid was evaluated in a randomised clinical trial against a 6-month standard regimen. ⋯ The results of this study must be taken into account in recommendations on management of new cases of smear-positive tuberculosis.
-
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is thought to be caused by dietary or other exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions. The prevalence of preclinical or subclinical prion infection in the UK is currently unknown. ⋯ However, this negative result cannot provide reassurance that relevant community infection is unlikely because of the fairly small sample size, demographic and age-related factors, and unknown test sensitivity during the prolonged incubation period. Nevertheless, our findings establish a protocol for prevalence screening on a national scale.