Lancet
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide have been shown to improve glycaemic control and reduce bodyweight in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly with liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Eli Lilly and Company and Amylin Pharmaceuticals LLC.
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Erectile dysfunction is a common clinical entity that affects mainly men older than 40 years. In addition to the classical causes of erectile dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, several common lifestyle factors, such as obesity, limited or an absence of physical exercise, and lower urinary tract symptoms, have been linked to the development of erectile dysfunction. ⋯ Substantial advances have occurred in the understanding of the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction that ultimately led to the development of successful oral therapies, namely the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. However, oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors have limitations, and present research is thus investigating cutting-edge therapeutic strategies including gene and cell-based technologies with the aim of discovering a cure for erectile dysfunction.
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Myocardial infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis. Ischaemic preconditioning with brief coronary occlusion and reperfusion before a sustained period of coronary occlusion with reperfusion delays infarct development. Ischaemic postconditioning uses repetitive brief coronary occlusion during early reperfusion of myocardial infarction and reduces infarct size. ⋯ Conditioning protocols have been successfully used in patients undergoing elective coronary revascularisation and reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction. Pharmacological recruitment of cardioprotective signalling has also been used to reduce infarct size, but so far without prognostic benefit. Outcomes of cardioprotection are affected by age, sex, comorbidities, and drugs, but also by technical issues related to determination of infarct size and revascularisation procedure.
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Women born around 1940 in countries such as the UK and USA were the first generation in which many smoked substantial numbers of cigarettes throughout adult life. Hence, only in the 21st century can we observe directly the full effects of prolonged smoking, and of prolonged cessation, on mortality among women in the UK. ⋯ Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council.
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Reliable estimates of populations affected by diseases are necessary to guide efficient allocation of public health resources. Sickle haemoglobin (HbS) is the most common and clinically significant haemoglobin structural variant, but no contemporary estimates exist of the global populations affected. Moreover, the precision of available national estimates of heterozygous (AS) and homozygous (SS) neonates is unknown. We aimed to provide evidence-based estimates at various scales, with uncertainty measures. ⋯ The Wellcome Trust.