Lancet
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Obesity is a global concern and can be effectively treated with bariatric surgery, which is expensive and invasive. Weight loss after surgery has been attributed to increased nutrient delivery to the lower small intestine with release of satiety-promoting gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). We aimed to assess whether glutamine, a potent secretagogue of GLP-1 in vivo, increases GLP-1 release, improves glucose tolerance, or reduces meal size in volunteers. ⋯ European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, Wellcome Trust Translational Medicine & Therapeutics Programme, National Institute for Health Research.
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In the USA, more than 7200 new cases of anal cancer were diagnosed in 2014 with incidence rising. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy improves cancer-related outcomes but has led to an increase in acute and late adverse events. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are increasingly included in trials as a surrogate measure for reporting of late adverse events. This study aimed to select the most effective PRO to use in clinical research and practice for anal cancer since no questionnaire specific for anal cancer has been developed. ⋯ This abstract presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).
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Retinal development normally involves migration of the inner retinal layers away from the fovea, migration of the cone photoreceptors into the fovea, and elongation of the photoreceptors over time. This process is arrested prematurely in albinism. However, because retinal development continues at least until the age of 4 years, when development arrests in albinism is uncertain. In this study we outlined the time course of retinal development in children with albinism. ⋯ UK Medical Research Council (grant number MR/J004189/1), Ulverscroft Foundation, National Eye Research Centre, Nystagmus Network UK.
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An apple-shaped fat distribution is associated with an adverse cardiometabolic phenotype. Hypercortisolaemia (Cushing's syndrome) is characterised by abdominal fat accumulation and gluteofemoral fat loss. The mechanisms underpinning this redistribution of fat mass are unknown. Since adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) is an important determinant of lipolytic rate in vivo, we hypothesised that hypercortisolaemia might lead to differential abdominal and femoral ATBF. ⋯ Society for Endocrinology, Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund.
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The contemporary associations of type 2 diabetes with a wide range of incident cardiovascular diseases have not been compared. Previous studies have focussed on myocardial infarction and stroke, and these conditions are the usual outcomes chosen in clinical trials in type 2 diabetes, but other diseases such as heart failure and angina are also major causes of morbidity in diabetes. We aimed to study associations between type 2 diabetes and 12 initial manifestations of cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research, UK Medical Research Council.