Lancet
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Preterm infants are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease in later life. Extrauterine growth restriction, catch-up growth, altered adiposity, and abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity could be predisposing factors. Altered DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) might be one underlying mechanism. We hypothesised that preterm infants have altered 5mC at the linked differentially methylated region 2 (DMR2) of IGF2 and the H19 imprinting control region (H19 ICR) compared with term infants over the first year of life. ⋯ Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government.
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Heart failure contributes to 5% of all hospital admissions, and mortality is more than 50% at 4 years. 54% of patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40% have renal artery stenosis. The potential benefit of revascularisation for heart failure is not established. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes for renal artery revascularisation with medical therapy for renal artery stenosis associated with heart failure as the first step towards validating revascularisation as a therapeutic option in heart failure. ⋯ None.
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Necrotising fasciitis due to invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) is frequently associated with type emm1 isolates, with an attendant mortality of 40%. Some cases occur in previously healthy individuals with a history of upper respiratory tract infection, soft tissue contusion, and no obvious portal of entry. Using a new model of mild contusion injury, we set out to determine the effect of contusion on iGAS bacterial burden, phenotype, and host cytokine response. ⋯ Royal Army Medical Corps, Surgeon General's Research Strategy Group, Ministry of Defence.
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Over the past decade image guidance systems have been widely adopted in specialties such as neurosurgery and otorhinolaryngology. Nonetheless, the evidence supporting the use of image guidance systems in surgery remains limited. New augmented reality systems offer the possibility of enhanced operating room workflow compared with existing triplanar image displays, but recent studies have highlighted several concerns, particularly the risk of inattentional blindness and impaired depth perception. The aim of this study was to compare simultaneously the effectiveness and safety of various image guidance systems against standard surgery. ⋯ Wellcome Trust.
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Alcoholic hepatitis is characterised by florid hepatic inflammation, liver failure, and death within 28 days in 35% of patients. We recently showed proliferative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, associated with T-helper-type 1 (Th1) immunity and disease severity. We aimed to define whether ADH-specific cellular immunity is present in alcoholic hepatitis. ⋯ Wellcome Trust.