Lancet
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HIV self-testing holds great promise for reaching high-risk key populations who do not access facility-based services, but it has rarely been evaluated outside of structured research settings. HIV self-testing is a process by which a person takes and interprets a test. We aimed to characterise implementation of unsupervised HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. ⋯ National Institutes of Health (NIAID 1R01AI114310-01), UNC-South China STD Research Training Center (FIC 1D43TW009532-01), UNC Center for AIDS Research (NIAID 5P30AI050410-13), UCSF Center for AIDS Research (NIAID P30 AI027763), NIMH (R00MH093201), Fulbright-Fogarty Fellowship (FIC R25TW0093), and SESH Global.
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China introduced a national policy to develop primary care in 2009, with 8669 community health centres (CHCs) established by 2014, employing more than 300 000 staff. However, against a background of the "barefoot doctor" legacy in rural China, mistrust of doctors, and over-reliance on specialist care, these facilities have been underused. This study aimed to evaluate the current quality of CHCs in China, including the organisation and infrastructure, as well as the use and training of the health-care professionals within primary care. ⋯ This project was supported by three funding sources: RGC seed fund for basic research, University Grant Council, HK SAR Government, entitled "Survey of the attitudes and needs of integrated HIV and STI services in community health centres in China (2015-16)" (project number 201411159004); Shanghai Key Discipline Construction Program in Public Health (Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, project number 12GWZX1001); and Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Training Program in Public Health (Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, project number GWDTR201210).
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The worldwide trend in population ageing has been met by a concomitant research interest in the effect of environmental factors on the health of elderly people. Green space is an important constituent of the living environment, with regard to modifying local air quality and microclimate, and has been qualitatively shown to benefit both physical and psychological aspects of health through several pathways. We aimed to quantitatively and comprehensively evaluate the effect of green space on all-cause mortality in elderly people in Hong Kong. ⋯ None.
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Smoking during pregnancy is related to many adverse outcomes on infants. Smoking during pregnancy can cause abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, increased sudden infant death risk, and low birthweight. The aim of this study was to probe the differences in smoking among pregnant women with diverse characteristics. ⋯ This project was supported by the Medjaden Academy & Research Foundation for Young Scientists (MJR20150047). This study was also funded by Summer Social Practice Project of School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University.
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The rising incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China highlights the pressing need for population-based screening. Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) is becoming increasingly popular as a primary screening tool; and in many regions of China, colonoscopy capacity is limited. However, FS is preferred for patients with a low risk of advanced proximal neoplasia (APN; ie, higher numbers needed to screen [NNS], since the test predominantly examines the distal colon. Tailoring endoscopic screening based on the risk of APN is necessary, especially in resource-deprived regions. Since old age and female sex are two important CRC risk factors, we hypothesised that younger Chinese women aged 50-59 years had a significantly lower APN rate than did older Chinese men. ⋯ None.