Lancet
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Socioeconomic inequalities in common mental health disorders (CMDs) cut across each step in the cascade of care: less affluent individuals have a higher lifetime prevalence of CMDs, are less likely to utilise treatment, and less likely to perceive the treatment as helpful when they do receive it. Here, I test whether such socioeconomic inequalities exist globally across 113 countries and, additionally, which psychological and country-level factors are associated with the three health outcomes (ie, CMD prevalence, treatment utilisation, and helpfulness). ⋯ Economic and Social Research Council.
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Meta Analysis
Prenatal alcohol prevention in the UK: mapping the landscape through systematic collaborative review.
UK policy makers have called for urgent action to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but evidence on what is effective is scarce. We aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesise evidence on content, process aspects, and effectiveness of UK PAE prevention initiatives. ⋯ The National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Child protective services (CPS), or equivalent systems, have statutory power to remove children from birth parents via public family care proceedings in instances of child abuse, neglect, or concerns around parenting capacity. Parents who have children subject to care proceedings, referred to here as birth parents, often have complex health and social care needs that can predispose them to CPS involvement. We aimed to review what is known about the health needs of these birth parents and the interventions available to support their needs. ⋯ There was no funding for this study.
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Road traffic impacts human health through air pollution and road safety issues. Low emission zones (LEZs) and congestion charging zones (CCZs) have therefore been implemented in several cities globally. We systematically reviewed the evidence on the effects of these pollution or congestion reduction schemes on specific physical health outcomes associated with air pollution or traffic exposure. ⋯ National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School for Public Health Research, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, MRC Centre for Environment and Health.
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Cross-sectional studies have suggested an association between the use of social media and depression and anxiety in young people. We examined the longitudinal relationship between social media use and young people's mental health, and the role of self-esteem and social connectedness as potential mediators. ⋯ UK National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research (grant reference PD-SPH-2015). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health Research or the UK Department of Health and Social Care.