Lancet
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Cell origin of aldosterone-producing adenomas, a major cause of hypertension, is unknown. A less common subtype of these adenomas, composed of cells resembling zona glomerulosa, have mutations in genes ATP1A1 and CACNA1D. To understand whether the adenomas originate from zona glomerulosa, we carried out a microarray analysis comparing transcriptomes of zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and tumour in human adrenal tissue, and investigated the functional role of genes upregulated in the zona glomerulosa. ⋯ British Heart Foundation.
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Over the past decade image guidance systems have been widely adopted in specialties such as neurosurgery and otorhinolaryngology. Nonetheless, the evidence supporting the use of image guidance systems in surgery remains limited. New augmented reality systems offer the possibility of enhanced operating room workflow compared with existing triplanar image displays, but recent studies have highlighted several concerns, particularly the risk of inattentional blindness and impaired depth perception. The aim of this study was to compare simultaneously the effectiveness and safety of various image guidance systems against standard surgery. ⋯ Wellcome Trust.
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Incomplete understanding of mechanisms and clinicopathobiological heterogeneity in asthma hinders research progress. Pathogenic roles for T-helper-type 17 (Th17) cells and invariant T cells implied by murine data have yet to be assessed in man. We aimed to investigate the role of Th17 and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in airway inflammation; to characterise associations between diverse clinical and immunological features of asthma; and to identify novel multidimensional asthma endotypes. ⋯ Wellcome Trust.
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Alcoholic hepatitis is characterised by florid hepatic inflammation, liver failure, and death within 28 days in 35% of patients. We recently showed proliferative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, associated with T-helper-type 1 (Th1) immunity and disease severity. We aimed to define whether ADH-specific cellular immunity is present in alcoholic hepatitis. ⋯ Wellcome Trust.
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Apathy is a common syndrome observed in many neurological conditions, including in up to 70% of patients with Parkinson's disease. Mechanisms underlying apathy are poorly understood and clinically we lack robust, objective detection methods. We aimed to address this using novel objective measures of motivation and reward sensitivity in relation to apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease. ⋯ Wellcome Trust.