Lancet
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Reduction of postoperative chemotherapy in children with stage I intermediate-risk and anaplastic Wilms' tumour (SIOP 93-01 trial): a randomised controlled trial.
Present treatment for Wilms' tumour is very successful. Now, efforts are aimed at reducing toxicity and burden of treatment by shortening schedules without loss of effectiveness. The objective of this randomised trial was to assess whether postoperative chemotherapy for patients with stage I intermediate-risk and anaplastic Wilms' tumour could be shortened to only 4 weeks from the standard 18 weeks, while maintaining equivalent event-free survival. ⋯ Shortening duration of chemotherapy could reduce acute and late side-effects and inconvenience for patient and parents while maintaining effectiveness, and could be beneficial in terms of health costs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Two 8-month regimens of chemotherapy for treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: international multicentre randomised trial.
A WHO-recommended 8-month regimen based on ethambutol and isoniazid was evaluated in a randomised clinical trial against a 6-month standard regimen. ⋯ The results of this study must be taken into account in recommendations on management of new cases of smear-positive tuberculosis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Oral amoxicillin versus injectable penicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3 to 59 months: a randomised multicentre equivalency study.
Injectable penicillin is the recommended treatment for WHO-defined severe pneumonia (lower chest indrawing). If oral amoxicillin proves equally effective, it could reduce referral, admission, and treatment costs. We aimed to determine whether oral amoxicillin and parenteral penicillin were equivalent in the treatment of severe pneumonia in children aged 3-59 months. ⋯ Injectable penicillin and oral amoxicillin are equivalent for severe pneumonia treatment in controlled settings. Potential benefits of oral treatment include decreases in (1) risk of needle-borne infections; (2) need for referral or admission; (3) administration costs; and (4) costs to the family.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Intravenous immunoglobulin in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Several double-blind placebo-controlled trials of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis have shown beneficial effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on relapse rate and disability. The European Study on Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Multiple Sclerosis set out to test IVIG in the secondary progressive phase of the disease. ⋯ Treatment with IVIG in this study did not show any clinical benefit and therefore cannot be recommended for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Meta Analysis Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trial.
Imatinib is approved worldwide for use in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). We aimed to assess dose dependency of response and progression-free survival with imatinib for metastatic GIST. ⋯ If response induction is the only aim of treatment, a daily dose of 400 mg of imatinib is sufficient; however, a dose of 400 mg twice a day achieves significantly longer progression-free survival.