Medicine
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Significance of nuclear medicine scan in comparison with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and ultrasound imaging in diagnosing renal disorders: An observational study.
The effectiveness of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid scan is regularly monitored for the assessment of any potential modifications in treatment responses or kidney functions in the pediatric population. This study attempts to compare the usefulness of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and ultrasound imaging of renal disorders among paediatric patients. A retrospective observational study was conducted by enrolling 106 children. ⋯ Moreover, an increase in sensitivity for CT (61.20%), followed by a major decrease in specificity (23.68%) was observed. Ultrasonography has been proved to be the safest and the most effective method for the diagnosis and the treatment of most renal disorders, due to the higher predictive value of SPECT scans. It is thus suggested that patients with ureteral calculi should be diagnosed with renal scintigraphy and unenhanced helical computerized tomography.
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Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor that is widely used to prevent the formation of thrombus formation. Amiodarone can increase the plasma concentration of dabigatran. CES1 (carboxylesterase 1) and ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1) genetic polymorphisms associate with the pharmacokinetics of dabigatran. ⋯ Multiple mutations in the ABCB1 and CES1 genes may influence the pharmacokinetics of dabigatran and could have contributed to the thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage.
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Brain metastasis (BM) is a serious complication in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Pemetrexed is one of the preferred agents in nonsquamous NSCLC with BM; however, the traditional chemotherapy demonstrated limited efficacy partly due to drug resistance and the blood-brain barrier. ⋯ Pemetrexed/carboplatin plus anlotinib could be considered for the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative lung adenocarcinoma with BM. Further well-designed trials are warranted to verify this occasional finding.
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Case Reports
Case report: a nonfunctioning juxtaglomerular cell tumor mimicking renal cell carcinoma.
Based on existing literature, the juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) is a rare renal tumor, typically present with hypertension and hypokalemia. Nonfunctioning JGCT, without hypertension or hypokalemia, is extremely rare. ⋯ Preoperative identification of JGCT is very difficult due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations. This case teaches us that for young patients with renal tumors whose CT enhancement is not obvious at the early phase, JGCT should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Radical nephrectomy should be avoided for JGCT in consideration of its relatively good prognosis.
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Testicular tumors represent 1% to 1.5% of all tumors in men. Those derived from Leydig cells are rare and account for 1% of testicular tumors. Leydig tumor cells can produce steroid hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The amount and type of hormones secreted by these tumors may produce complicated clinical characteristics in these patients. ⋯ For LCTs, testis sparing surgery may provide a safe and feasible option to restore spermatogenic function, although longer-term follow-up is required. Drug assistance may be required to maintain spermatogenic function and achieve fertility, and further research is required.