Medicine
-
Observational Study
District-level HIV estimates using the spectrum model in five states of India, 2017.
Decentralized response has been the hallmark of the National AIDS Control Programme in India. District-level HIV burden estimates quantifying the distribution of the epidemics are needed to enhance this decentralized response further to monitor the progress on prevention, testing, and treatment interventions. In this paper, we describe the methodology and results of district-level estimates using the Spectrum model piloted in 5 states of India under National AIDS Control Programme. ⋯ In Mizoram, 6 of 8 districts showed a rising HIV trend with an adult prevalence of 1% or more in 5 districts. Disaggregation of state-level estimates by districts provided insights on epidemic diversity within the analyzed states. It also provided baseline evidence to measure the progress toward the goal of end of AIDS by 2030.
-
The method to evaluate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has become a big concern for researchers with its widely application. Pseudoprogressive disease (PPD) makes this process more difficult, which means that the tumor progressed at the initial evaluation, but re-evaluation after continued treatment suggested that the treatment was effective. However, PPD has not attracted enough attention of clinical doctors. This article is to systematically evaluate the incidence of PPD associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with meta-analysis, to provide guidance for the recognition and management of PPD. ⋯ The incidence of PPD related to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is not high, but the evaluation criteria has not yet been unified. Close monitoring, careful identification and proper application should be carried out in the clinic, and full management of the treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors should be well done.
-
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is an important part of the lung protection strategies for one-lung ventilation (OLV). However, a fixed PEEP value is not suitable for all patients. Our objective was to determine the prevention of individualized PEEP on postoperative complications in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation. ⋯ Individualized PEEP setting during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery was associated with fewer postoperative pulmonary complications and better perioperative oxygenation.
-
In a pandemic situation (e.g., COVID-19), the most important issue is to select patients at risk of high mortality at an early stage and to provide appropriate treatments. However, a few studies applied the model to predict in-hospital mortality using routine blood samples at the time of hospital admission. This study aimed to develop an app, name predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients (PMCP) app, to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients at hospital-admission time. ⋯ Our new PMCP app with ANN model accurately predicts the mortality probability for COVID-19 patients. It is publicly available and aims to help health care providers fight COVID-19 and improve patients’ classifications against treatment risk.
-
Observational Study
Intermittent pneumatic compression for prolonged standing workers with leg edema and pain.
Even healthy individuals often encounter leg venous symptoms such as heaviness, pain, and swelling especially after prolonged standing work. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is a widely used simple therapy for preventing deep vein thrombosis and for treating lymphedema and chronic venous insufficiency. However, IPC has not been evaluated for its effect in relieving venous symptoms of healthy people. ⋯ Sequential and circular IPC led to significantly greater improvement in pain and leg circumferences than just natural rest, but there was no difference in its effect according to the 2 modes of IPC. Leg volume was reduced significantly at T2 and T3 as compared with T1 in all 3 interventions, but effects did not differ among 3 intervention groups. IPC is effective for reducing leg pain and circumferences more than natural rest in healthy adults with prolonged standing work, without causing adverse events.