Medicine
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Leukocyte Telomere length (LTL) is an independent predictor of cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) and Human Immuno Virus (HIV) infection. However, studies are lacking on the association between LTL with CMD profile in people with HIV. Accordingly, we investigated the association between LTL and CMD profile in HIV-infected adult South Africans. ⋯ It was associated with Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and heart rate in univariable analyses. LTL shortening was associated with some CMD risk factors in HIV-infected adults on anti-retroviral therapy in South Africa. Prospective research is needed to explore the direction and implications of these associations.
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Observational Study
Prognostic value of targeted temperature management on outcomes of hanging-induced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide observational study.
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of targeted temperature management (TTM) on hanging-induced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients using nationwide data of South Korea. Adult hanging-induced OHCA patients from 2008 to 2018 were included in this nationwide observational study. Patients who assigned into 2 groups based on whether they did (TTM group) or did not (non-TTM group) receive TTM. ⋯ In the multivariate analysis, prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (odds ratio [OR], 22.849; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.479-45.481, P < .001) was associated with an increase in survival to hospital discharge, and age (OR, 0.971; 95% CI, 0.944-0.998, P = .035), heart disease (OR, 16.875; 95% CI, 3.028-94.036, P = .001), and prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (OR, 133.251; 95% CI, 30.512-581.930, P < .001) were significant prognostic factors of good neurological outcome. However, TTM showed no significant association with either outcome. There were no significant differences in the survival to hospital discharge and good neurological outcomes between non-TTM and TTM groups of hanging-induced OHCA patients.
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Define the clinical presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection (AHI) among men and women from 2 continents to create a clinical scoring algorithm. Comparison of incident sign and symptom between those with and without AHI. At-risk human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative men and women in Thailand, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda underwent twice-weekly testing for HIV. ⋯ The Thai male scoring algorithm had a 66% sensitivity and 84% specificity while the African female algorithm had a sensitivity of 27% and specificity of 98%. The different incident symptoms during AHI necessitated creating 2 different scoring algorithms that can guide diagnostic testing among a particular sex in the appropriate geographic setting. Further research on risk exposure, sex, and demographic specific models is warranted.
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The appearance of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery may be suggest the possibility of atherosclerosis in the spinal cord artery, which can cause spinal cord ischemia and further lead to neural element damage. According to the inclusion and exclude standard, there are 137 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) incorporating retrospective analysis. These patients were consecutively admitted into The Second Hospital- Cheeloo College of Medicine-Shandong University from January 2016 to December 2018 and have accepted surgical treatment. ⋯ Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that gender (P = .004), age ≥65 years (P = .001), duration of symptoms ≥12 months (P = .040), smoking history (P < .001), preoperative mJOA score ≤11 (P = .007) and carotid atherosclerosis (P = .004) were related to poor surgical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant correlations between poor surgical outcomes and age ≥65 years (P = .047), smoking history (P = .010), preoperative mJOA score ≤11 (P = .008) or carotid atherosclerosis (P = .047). Carotid atherosclerosis may be a risk factor for poor surgical outcomes in CSM.
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Our study investigated the correlation between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lenvatinib. We retrospectively evaluated 40 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC receiving lenvatinib between November 2018 and May 2020 at the First Hospital of Jilin University. Skeletal muscle mass was measured before treatment initiation. ⋯ In subgroup analysis, sarcopenia was associated with worse survival than non-sarcopenic patients, irrespective of age, Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage, or albumin-bilirubin grade. Our results show sarcopenia may be a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with HCC receiving lenvatinib. Management of sarcopenia is a vital factor for improving survival outcomes in patients with HCC.