JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Significant controversy exists regarding routine intraoperative cholangiography in preventing common duct injury during cholecystectomy. ⋯ When confounders were controlled with instrumental variable analysis, there was no statistically significant association between intraoperative cholangiography and common duct injury. Intraoperative cholangiography is not effective as a preventive strategy against common duct injury during cholecystectomy.