JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Long-Term Outcomes of Medical Management vs Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes.
Randomized clinical trials of bariatric surgery have been limited in size, type of surgical procedure, and follow-up duration. ⋯ After 7 to 12 years of follow-up, individuals originally randomized to undergo bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle intervention had superior glycemic control with less diabetes medication use and higher rates of diabetes remission.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alcohol use disorder affects more than 28.3 million people in the United States and is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. ⋯ In conjunction with psychosocial interventions, these findings support the use of oral naltrexone at 50 mg/d and acamprosate as first-line pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder.
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Dental caries is common in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years and potentially amenable to primary care screening and prevention. ⋯ Administration of fluoride supplements, fluoride gels, varnish, and sealants in dental or school settings improved caries outcomes. Research is needed on the effectiveness of oral health preventive interventions in primary care settings and to determine the benefits and harms of screening.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Orthostatic Hypotension, Hypertension Treatment, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis.
There are ongoing concerns about the benefits of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) treatment among adults with orthostatic hypotension or standing hypotension. ⋯ In this population of hypertension trial participants, intensive therapy reduced risk of CVD or all-cause mortality regardless of orthostatic hypotension without evidence for different effects among those with standing hypotension.
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Comment Meta Analysis
Efficacy and Tolerability of Gefapixant for Treatment of Refractory or Unexplained Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
Gefapixant represents an emerging therapy for patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough. ⋯ Compared with placebo, gefapixant (45 mg orally twice daily) led to modest improvements in cough frequency, cough severity, and cough-specific quality of life but increased taste-related adverse events.