The Journal of family practice
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Here is key intelligence on the recommended primary series, boosters, breakthrough infection, adverse events, special population vaccination, vaccine myths, and what the future might hold.
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It depends. A diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) made using screening spirometry in patients without symptoms does not change the course of the disease or alter smoking rates (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, preponderance of evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). However, once a patient develops symptoms of lung disease, a delayed diagnosis is associated with poorer outcomes (SOR: B, cohort studies). Active case finding (including the use of spirometry) is recommended for patients with risk factors for COPD who present with consistent symptoms (SOR: C, expert opinion).
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The patient's lifestyle was undoubtedly to blame for the appearance of her skin. The loss of her beloved pet may have been a tipping point.
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Any one of the HD-IIV4, aIIV4, or RIV4 vaccines is recommended over the SD-IIV4 options for those ages ≥ 65 years. Flucelvax is now approved for those ages ≥ 6 months.