The Journal of family practice
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Acute pain is a common and nearly universal experience that usually has a sudden onset and is limited in duration. It is a normal physiologic response to a noxious stimulus that can become pathologic if untreated or not treated effectively. Acute pain has a limited duration (<1 month) and often is caused by injury, trauma, or medical treatments such as surgery. ⋯ All current guidelines support using a multimodal approach to pain management and reserving use of opioids for patients with severe pain that cannot be managed with other agents. There are several new agents and formulations recently approved or in development for the treatment of acute pain. The recently approved co-crystal formulation of celecoxib and tramadol hydrochloride provides an additional option for acute pain management and utilizes a single-medication multimodal approach.
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At the end of the activity, participants will be able to: Implement a staged strategy for the diagnostic evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) based on history and physical examination, including the Rome IV criteria. Discuss the evidence and guideline recommendations for self-care as well as over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription therapies to treat IBS-C and CIC, Individualize treatment for IBS-C and CIC emphasizing patient-centered care to address patient concerns, improve outcomes, and enhance quality of life.
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Describe cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) conditions and their impact on health and patient-centered outcomes. Recognize current gaps in screening, risk factor management, and utilization of guideline-directed therapies in patients with CRM conditions. Select appropriate guideline-directed therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and/or chronic kidney disease based on current guidelines and clinical evidence. Recognize the importance of multidisciplinary care when managing patients with CRM conditions.
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Stroke is a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and diabetes is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke occurrence and recurrence. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) lower the risk of ischemic stroke through beneficial effects on traditional stroke risk factors such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. ⋯ Based on meta-analyses of CV outcomes trials, GLP-1 RAs have a substantial and statistically significant benefit on ischemic stroke risk reduction, whereas SGLT2 inhibitors have a nonsignificant effect. The use of GLP-1 RAs, in addition to non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management of traditional stroke risk factors, is a key component of complex therapy for ischemic stroke risk reduction.
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At the end of the activity, participants will be able to: Identify the risks of kidney disease and their consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Appropriately screen for the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with T2D. Initiate evidence-based therapy to slow the progression of kidney disease in patients with T2D and CKD. Become familiar with the novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone and its role in the treatment of patients with T2D and CKD.