Physical therapy
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Physical therapists frequently use joint mobilization therapy techniques to treat people with musculoskeletal dysfunction and pain. Several studies suggest that endogenous adenosine may act in an analgesic fashion in various pain states. ⋯ This study demonstrated the involvement of the adenosinergic system in the antihyperalgesic effect of AJM in a rodent model of pain and provides a possible mechanism basis for AJM-induced relief of acute pain.
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The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of electrical stimulation on nociceptive responses within the lumbar levels of the rat spinal cord. ⋯ The results demonstrate that two modes of train electrical stimulation can produce two patterns of fast-onset (within milliseconds), short-duration (within 20 seconds) inhibition of field potentials in the spinal cord. These results provide evidence that noxious heat-related impulses are modulated by the presence of specific electrical stimulation. The clinical application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to block pain is supported.