Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jul 2009
Meta AnalysisRacial disparities in cancer survival among randomized clinical trials patients of the Southwest Oncology Group.
Racial disparities in cancer outcomes have been observed in several malignancies. However, it is unclear if survival differences persist after adjusting for clinical, demographic, and treatment variables. Our objective was to determine whether racial disparities in survival exist among patients enrolled in consecutive trials conducted by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG). ⋯ African American patients with sex-specific cancers had worse survival than white patients, despite enrollment on phase III SWOG trials with uniform stage, treatment, and follow-up.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2009
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis of risk reduction estimates associated with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is widely used by carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations to reduce their risks of breast and ovarian cancer. To guide women and their clinicians in optimizing cancer prevention strategies, we summarized the magnitude of the risk reductions in women with BRCA1/2 mutations who have undergone RRSO compared with those who have not. ⋯ The summary estimates presented here indicate that RRSO is strongly associated with reductions in the risk of breast, ovarian, and fallopian tube cancers and should provide guidance to women in planning cancer risk reduction strategies.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Dec 2008
Meta AnalysisFat, protein, and meat consumption and renal cell cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies.
Results of several case-control studies suggest that high consumption of meat (all meat, red meat, or processed meat) is associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer, but only a few prospective studies have examined the associations of intakes of meat, fat, and protein with renal cell cancer. ⋯ Intakes of fat and protein or their subtypes, red meat, processed meat, poultry, and seafood are not associated with risk of renal cell cancer.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2008
Meta AnalysisHER2 status and efficacy of adjuvant anthracyclines in early breast cancer: a pooled analysis of randomized trials.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines improves disease-free and overall survival compared with non-anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of early breast cancer. The role of HER2 status as a marker of anthracycline responsiveness has been explored by subset analyses within randomized clinical trials, with inconsistent results. We performed a pooled analysis of the interaction between HER2 status and the efficacy of adjuvant anthracyclines based on the published subset data. ⋯ The added benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines appear to be confined to women who have HER2 overexpressed or amplified breast tumors.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Nov 2006
Meta AnalysisMeta-analyses of observational and genetic association studies of folate intakes or levels and breast cancer risk.
Evidence from case-control studies suggests that increasing dietary folate intake is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, large cohort studies have found no such association, and animal studies suggest that folate supplementation may promote tumorigenesis. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence from observational studies on this issue and a meta-analysis of the association between a common polymorphism in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, a key enzyme in folate metabolism, and breast cancer risk. ⋯ A lack of dietary folate intake is not associated with the risk of breast cancer.