British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialA new topical formulation enhances relative diclofenac bioavailability in healthy male subjects.
• Therapy with topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relies on the ability of the active drug to penetrate the skin in sufficiently high amounts to exert a clinical effect, which is linked to the specific galenic properties of the formulation. ⋯ DCF100C formulations were safe and facilitated greater diclofenac penetration through the skin compared with the commercial comparator. DCF100C represents a promising alternative to oral and topical diclofenac treatments that warrants further development.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialModelling of pain intensity and informative dropout in a dental pain model after naproxcinod, naproxen and placebo administration.
• Modelling has been used to describe the pain relief and dropout for a few non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ⋯ This model describes the relationship between drug effects, PI and the likelihood of dropout after naproxcinod, naproxen and placebo administration. The model provides an opportunity to describe the effects of other doses or formulations, after dental extraction. VPC created by simultaneous simulations of PI and dropout provides a good way of assessing the goodness of fit when there is informative dropout.
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Peri-operative anaphylaxis is an important cause for mortality and morbidity associated with anaesthesia. The true incidence is unknown and is most likely under reported. ⋯ The investigations to confirm the clinical suspicion of anaphylaxis and further tests to identify the likely drug(s) are examined. Finally the salient features of common and rare causes including non-drug substances are described.
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Many methods of cardiac output measurement have been developed, but the number of methods useful for human pharmacological studies is limited. The 'holy grail' for the measurement of cardiac output would be a method that is accurate, precise, operator independent, fast responding, non-invasive, continuous, easy to use, cheap and safe. This method does not exist today. In this review on cardiac output methods used in pharmacology, the Fick principle, indicator dilution techniques, arterial pulse contour analysis, ultrasound and bio-impedance are reviewed.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Mar 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialTranscutaneous nicotine does not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized controlled trial.
There is empirical evidence that smokers are less likely to suffer from postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We sought to investigate whether transcutaneus nicotine prevents PONV. ⋯ Non-smokers receiving a prophylactic nicotine patch had a similar incidence of PONV during the first 24h and tended to develop PONV symptoms earlier compared with controls. They had a significantly increased risk of insomnia during the first postoperative night.