British journal of clinical pharmacology
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Feb 2019
Effectiveness and safety of 110 or 150 mg dabigatran vs. vitamin K antagonists in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
We compared the 1-year safety and effectiveness of dabigatran 110 mg (D110) or 150 mg (D150) twice daily to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. ⋯ In real life D110 and D150 were at least as effective, and safer than VKA.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2019
Comparative StudyPrevalence and incidence of prescription opioid analgesic use in Australia.
The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence and incidence of prescription opioid analgesic use in Australia and compare the characteristics of people with and without cancer initiating prescription opioid analgesics. ⋯ Rates of opioid use have remained high since 2013, with approximately 3 million adults using opioids and over 1.9 million adults initiating opioids each year. Between 2013 and 2017, opioid prevalence has slightly increased but incidence has decreased. People without cancer account for the majority of opioid use and are more likely to be initiated on short-acting and weak opioids. Initiation of strong opioids has increased over time, reinforcing concerns about increased use and the harms associated with strong opioids in the community.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2019
Observational StudyPopulation pharmacokinetic modelling of intravenous paracetamol in fit older people displays extensive unexplained variability.
Paracetamol is the analgesic most used by older people. The physiological changes occurring with ageing influence the pharmacokinetics (PK) of paracetamol and its variability. We performed a population PK-analysis to describe the PK of intravenous (IV) paracetamol in fit older people. Simulations were performed to illustrate target attainment and variability of paracetamol exposure following current dosing regimens (1000 mg every 6 h, every 8 h) using steady-state concentration (Css-mean ) of 10 mg l-1 as target for effective analgesia. ⋯ The target concentration was achieved in the average patient with 1000 mg every 6 h, while every 8 h resulted in underdosing for the majority of the population. Furthermore, due to a large (unexplained) interindividual variability in paracetamol PK a relevant proportion of the fit older people remained either under- or over exposed.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2019
Case ReportsSelf-poisoning with 60 tablets of Apixaban, a pharmacokinetics case report.
A 67-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department about 5 h after deliberate self-poisoning with 300 mg of Apixaban. The clinical examination did not show any organ dysfunctions or haemorrhagic signs, and the patient's life was not in danger. The first analysis, upon admission, showed a concentration of 2655 μg l-1 of Apixaban. ⋯ The Apixaban was then eliminated following a first order elimination with a calculated half-life of 10.8 h. The anti-Xa activity seems to be linearly related to concentration up to 4000 μg l-1. This report suggests that the use of activated charcoal should be effective up to 17 h after a massive intake.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2019
ReviewHyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis: a clinical pharmacological perspective on a surgical procedure.
Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become the standard of care in the treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. The use of oxaliplatin for HIPEC has gained popularity. ⋯ Clinicians should be aware of the clinical importance of oxaliplatin pharmacology when performing HIPEC surgery. This review adds new insights into the complex field of the pharmacology of HIPEC and highlights an important worldwide problem: the lack of standardization of the HIPEC procedure.