British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSimultaneous administration of a cocktail of markers to measure renal drug elimination pathways: absence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between fluconazole and sinistrin, p-aminohippuric acid and pindolol.
Previous studies suggest that estimated creatinine clearance, the conventional measure of renal function, does not adequately reflect changes in renal drug handling in some patients, including the immunosuppressed. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a cocktail of markers, to be given in a single administration, capable of detecting alterations in the renal elimination pathways of glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption. ⋯ This study found no interaction between markers and fluconazole in healthy male subjects, suggesting that a single administration of this cocktail of markers of different renal processes can be used to simultaneously investigate pathways of renal drug elimination.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Apr 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA dose-response study of adrenaline combined with lignocaine 2%: effect on acute postoperative pain after oral soft tissue surgery.
The combination of lignocaine and adrenaline may cause more postoperative pain than other types of local anaesthetic agents with comparable clinical efficacy. This study investigates the dose-response effect of adrenaline added to lignocaine on postoperative pain, when used as local anaesthetic for oral soft tissue surgery. ⋯ High adrenaline concentrations (1 : 80 000) combined with lignocaine local anaesthetic solution offers no advantage with respect to pain alleviation during the immediate postoperative pain period. High exogenous adrenaline concentrations may play a significant role in enhancing acute postoperative intensity.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Apr 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLack of effect of ondansetron on the pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of morphine and metabolites after single-dose morphine administration in healthy volunteers.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of ondansetron on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and the analgesic effects elicited by morphine and the 3- and 6-glucuronide metabolites of morphine in healthy volunteers. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that administration of ondansetron (16 mg i.v.) does not alter the pharmacokinetics of morphine and its 3- or 6-glucuronide metabolites to a clinically significant extent, nor does it affect the overall analgesic response to morphine as measured by the contact thermode system.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2001
Clinical TrialEffect of dexmedetomidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, on human pupillary reflexes during general anaesthesia.
To test the hypothesis that the alpha2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine, dilates the pupil and does not alter the pupillary light reflex of anaesthetized patients. ⋯ These pupillary effects of dexmedetomidine in humans are difficult to reconcile with the findings obtained in cats and rats that have demonstrated a direct inhibitory effect of alpha2-adrenergic agonists on the pupilloconstrictor nucleus. The increase in the magnitude of the light reflex in response to dexmedetomidine does not necessarily involve an anxiolytic mechanism.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2001
Risk factors in the development of adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine in patients with paracetamol poisoning.
To identify risk factors in the development of side-effects to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in patients with paracetamol poisoning. ⋯ Asthma must be considered a risk factor in the development of side-effects to NAC. However, the side-effects are easily managed and there is no reason to withhold NAC from any patient with paracetamol poisoning. Paracetamol itself seems to offer some protection against the development of side-effects to NAC.