Journal of neurosurgery
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Journal of neurosurgery · Sep 2016
Case ReportsA case of isolated amyloid light-chain amyloidosis of the radial nerve.
Peripheral nerve involvement may be the first sign of systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare disease. Physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing are the mainstays of peripheral neuropathy evaluation at presentation. Sural nerve biopsy is performed in conjunction with serum and urine protein evaluation to differentiate between focal and systemic disease. ⋯ She underwent radial nerve exploration and excision of an intraneural mass consisting of amyloid on histopathology, with mass spectrometry analysis diagnostic for AL amyloidosis. Noninvasive testing and clinical history did not suggest systemic involvement. This unique case of isolated peripheral nerve AL amyloidosis in the absence of signs and symptoms of systemic disease is described, and the literature demonstrating peripheral nerve involvement in AL amyloidosis is reviewed.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Sep 2016
A new comorbidities index for risk stratification for treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms.
OBJECTIVE Comorbidities have an impact on risk stratification for outcomes in analyses of large patient databases. Although the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) are the most commonly used comorbidity indexes, these have not been validated for patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms; therefore, the authors created a comorbidity index specific to these patients. METHODS The authors extracted all records involving unruptured cerebral aneurysms treated with clipping, coiling, or both from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002-2010). ⋯ The new index was better at predicting poor outcome than CCI or ECI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.814 [95% CI 0.798-0.830], vs 0.694 and 0.712, respectively, for the other indices), and it was also better at predicting mortality (AUC 0.775 [95% CI 0.754-0.792], vs 0.635 and 0.657, respectively, for CCI and ECI). CONCLUSIONS This new comorbidity index outperforms the CCI and ECI in predicting poor outcome, mortality, length of stay, and total charges for patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Reevaluation of other patient cohorts is warranted to determine the impact of more accurate patient stratification.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Sep 2016
Case ReportsOptic nerve mobilization to enhance the exposure of the pituitary stalk during craniopharyngioma resection: early experience.
OBJECT Preservation of the pituitary stalk and its vasculature is a key step in good postoperative endocrinological outcome in patients with craniopharyngiomas. In this article, the authors describe the surgical technique of medial optic nerve mobilization for better inspection and preservation of the pituitary stalk. METHODS This operative technique has been applied in 3 patients. ⋯ CONCLUSIONS This early experience shows that this technique is safe and could be used as a complementary step during microsurgery of craniopharyngiomas. It allows for tumor dissection from the pituitary stalk under direct vision. The pituitary stalk can thus be preserved without jeopardizing the optic nerve.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Sep 2016
Case ReportsNeuroendoscopic stent placement for cerebrospinal fluid pathway obstructions in adults.
OBJECTIVE Since its revival in the early 1990s, neuroendoscopy has become an integral component of modern neurosurgery. Endoscopic stent placement for treatment of CSF pathway obstruction is a rarely used and underestimated procedure. The authors present the first series of neuroendoscopic intracranial stenting for CSF pathway obstruction in adults with associated results and complications spanning a long-term follow-up of 20 years. ⋯ Currently, routine stent placement after endoscopic fenestration of ACs is not recommended. Stent placement for treatment of CSF disorders due to tumor is a good option for avoiding CSF shunting. To avoid stent migration and dislocation, and to allow for easy removal if needed, the device should be fixed to a bur hole reservoir.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Sep 2016
Case ReportsDirect visualization of improved optic nerve pial vascular supply following tuberculum meningioma resection: case report.
Tuberculum sellae meningiomas frequently produce visual loss by direct compression from tumor, constriction of the optic nerve (ON) under the falciform ligament, and/or ON ischemia. The authors hypothesized that changes in visual function after tumor removal may be related to changes in blood supply to the ON that might be seen in the pial circulation at surgery. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography was used to attempt to document these changes at surgery. ⋯ In follow-up the patient had significant improvements in both visual acuity and visual fields function. Intraoperative ICG angiography of the ON can demonstrate measurable changes in pial vascular flow that may be predictive of postoperative visual outcome. The predictive value of this technique during neurosurgical procedures around the optic apparatus warrants further investigation in a larger cohort.