Journal of neurosurgery
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Journal of neurosurgery · Feb 2013
The inferior medullary velum: anatomical study and neurosurgical relevance.
Although it is often visualized surgically, details regarding the inferior medullary velum are lacking in the literature. The present study is intended to better elucidate this neuroanatomical structure using microsurgical and immunohistochemical analyses. ⋯ Based on this cadaveric study, the authors conclude that division of the inferior medullary velum should be relatively harmless as no neuronal cells were identified in this structure, which appears to be a vestigial bridge of tissue between the left and right sides of the cerebellum.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Feb 2013
Neuroprotective effect of preoperatively induced mild hypothermia as determined by biomarkers and histopathological estimation in a rat subdural hematoma decompression model.
In patients who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI), hypothermia therapy has not shown efficacy in multicenter clinical trials. Armed with the post hoc data from the latest clinical trial (National Acute Brain Injury Study: Hypothermia II), the authors hypothesized that hypothermia may be beneficial in an acute subdural hematoma (SDH) rat model by blunting the effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury. The major aim of this study was to test the efficacy of temperature management in reducing brain damage after acute SDH. ⋯ The data suggest that early, preoperatively induced hypothermia could mediate the reduction of neuronal and glial damage in the reperfusion phase of ischemia/reperfusion brain injury.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Feb 2013
Evaluation of the hematoma consequences, neurobehavioral profiles, and histopathology in a rat model of pontine hemorrhage.
Primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) represents approximately 7% of all intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) and is a clinical condition of which little is known. The aim of this study was to characterize the early brain injury, neurobehavioral outcome, and long-term histopathology in a novel preclinical rat model of PPH. ⋯ These results suggest that the model can mimic several translational aspects of pontine hemorrhage in humans and can be used in the evaluation of potential preclinical therapeutic interventions.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Feb 2013
Effects of treating traumatic brain injury with collagen scaffolds and human bone marrow stromal cells on sprouting of corticospinal tract axons into the denervated side of the spinal cord.
This study was designed to investigate how transplantation into injured brain of human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) impregnated in collagen scaffolds affects axonal sprouting in the spinal cord after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Also investigated was the relationship of axonal sprouting to sensorimotor functional recovery after treatment. ⋯ Axonal plasticity plays an important role in neurorestoration after TBI. Transplanting hMSCs with scaffolds enhances the effect of hMSCs on axonal sprouting of CST fibers from the contralateral intact cortex into the denervated side of spinal cord after TBI. This enhanced axonal regeneration may at least partially contribute to the therapeutic benefits of treating TBI with hMSCs.