Pain
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Review Meta Analysis
The population prevalence of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age: a systematic review.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based epidemiological studies was undertaken to determine the prevalence of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age. Searches were conducted in the following electronic databases from inception to October 2010: PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane, PEDro, and SportDiscus. Full-text English language articles were included if they used population sample frames, cross-sectional design or analysis, and reported prevalence estimates for foot and/or ankle pain in adults aged 45 years and over. ⋯ Narrative synthesis of evidence from existing studies suggested preponderance in females, an age-related increase in prevalence in women but not men, that the toes/forefoot were the most common anatomical sites of pain, and that moderate disability in an aspect of daily life was reported by two-thirds of cases. This review provides estimates of the community burden of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age. By outlining the scale of this clinical problem, these findings can be used to inform health care planning and provision.
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Persistent postoperative pain is a common complication of surgery, including surgical interventions for cancer. So far, there is limited information about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of pain after lymph node biopsy and dissection in patients with malignant melanoma. In this study, a questionnaire was sent out to all surviving patients (n=402) after surgery for cutaneous malignant melanoma at the Aalborg Hospital Department of Plastic Surgery, Aalborg, Denmark. ⋯ At the clinical follow-up, 10 out of 12 patients with pain both met the criteria of the recently proposed grading system for probable neuropathic pain and used descriptors on the DN4 questionnaire suggestive of neuropathic pain. Different patterns of sensory profiles were observed in single patients, suggesting heterogeneous sensory processing within single patients. This study suggested that nerve injury was the main underlying mechanism of persistent pain after lymph node excision.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Randomized trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy compared with a pain education control for low-literacy rural people with chronic pain.
Chronic pain is a common and costly experience. Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) are efficacious for an array of chronic pain conditions. However, the literature is based primarily on urban (white) samples. ⋯ Clinical significance of the findings and the number of treatment responders is reported. Overall, these findings indicate that CBT and EDU are viable treatment options in low-SES minority and nonminority groups. Further research should target disseminating and sustaining psychosocial treatment options within underserved populations.
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Chronic and recurrent pain not associated with a disease is very common in childhood and adolescence, but studies of pain prevalence have yielded inconsistent findings. This systematic review examined studies of chronic and recurrent pain prevalence to provide updated aggregated prevalence rates. The review also examined correlates of chronic and recurrent pain such as age, sex, and psychosocial functioning. ⋯ Pain prevalence rates were generally higher in girls and increased with age for most pain types. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher pain prevalence especially for headache. Most studies did not meet quality criteria.
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Recent research has begun to examine discrete caregiver pain management behaviors in the infant immunization context. However, there is a dearth of research exploring more global caregiving constructs, such as emotional availability, which can be used to examine the overall sensitivity of caregiver pain management. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between caregiver sensitivity (emotional availability) and infant pain behavior (baseline, immediately post-needle, 1 min after needle) over the first year of life. ⋯ Caregiver sensitivity to the infant in pain is predicted most reliably from previous caregiver sensitivity, not infant pain behaviour. The significant concurrent relationship between caregiver sensitivity and infant pain behaviours is not seen until 12 months, replicating patterns in the infant development literature regarding the time at which the attachment relationship between parent and child can be reliably measured. Discussion addresses implications for both researchers and clinicians who work with infants in pain.