Pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Chronic pain and sensory changes after augmentation mammoplasty: long term effects of preincisional administration of methylprednisolone.
We studied the prevalence of chronic pain and long term sensory changes after cosmetic augmentation mammoplasty and the effects of a single i.v. preoperative dose of methylprednisolone 125 mg (n=74), parecoxib 40 mg (n=71), or placebo (n=74). A questionnaire was mailed 6 weeks and 1 year after surgery. Response rate after 1 year was 80%. ⋯ We conclude that persistent pain and sensory changes are common after augmentation mammoplasty, and that patients having pain at 6 weeks most likely will have pain also at 1 year. Acute postoperative pain, hyperesthesia at 6 weeks, and the presence of hyperesthesia increased the odds for pain at 1 year. Preoperative methylprednisolone resulted in significantly less hyperesthesia compared with both parecoxib and placebo, but did not significantly reduce the prevalence of persistent spontaneous or evoked pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Assessment of persistent pain or distress and adequacy of analgesia in preterm ventilated infants.
Indicators of persistent pain in preterm neonates are poorly defined. In the setting of a double blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating morphine use in ventilated preterm infants (NEOPAIN Trial) we aimed to identify factors that may be useful in assessing persistent pain. Twenty-two babies (morphine 12; placebo 10) were assessed for comfort, pain or distress and clinical staff described the factors they had considered. ⋯ Observation of a good response to handling, good synchrony with ventilation, a "settled" baby, normal blood pressure and heart rate were poor discriminators. Hypotension and poor respiratory drive were noted exclusively in babies receiving morphine infusions. Facial expressions of pain, high activity levels, poor response to routine care, and poor ventilator synchrony were associated with placebo versus morphine therapy, and may be considered useful markers for persistent pain in preterm infants.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The effect of 300 mW, 830 nm laser on chronic neck pain: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in 90 subjects with chronic neck pain was conducted with the aim of determining the efficacy of 300 mW, 830 nm laser in the management of chronic neck pain. Subjects were randomized to receive a course of 14 treatments over 7 weeks with either active or sham laser to tender areas in the neck. The primary outcome measure was change in a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. ⋯ Significant improvements were seen in the active group compared to placebo for SF-36-Physical Score (SF36 PCS), NPNQ, NPAD, MPQVAS and SAI. The results of the SF-36 - Mental Score (SF36 MCS) and other MPQ component scores (afferent and sensory) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), at the parameters used in this study, was efficacious in providing pain relief for patients with chronic neck pain over a period of 3 months.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A comparative study of oxycodone and morphine in a multi-modal, tissue-differentiated experimental pain model.
Visceral pain can be difficult to treat with classical mu-opioid agonists and it has been suggested to use opioids with distinct pharmacological profiles. In animal experiments, oxycodone has shown different effects compared to morphine, and clinical observations have shown that oxycodone may occasionally be superior to, e.g., morphine in the treatment of visceral pain. In the current study, we randomised 24 healthy subjects to treatment with either morphine (30 mg), oxycodone (15 mg) or placebo in a crossover study. ⋯ Morphine and oxycodone were equipotent in pain modulation of the skin and muscles, but oxycodone had superior analgesic effect to both morphine and placebo on the mechanical (P<0.001) and thermal (P<0.001) stimulations of the oesophagus. In conclusion, the multi-modal and tissue-differentiated pain model could link findings from animal experiments to clinical findings. A different pharmacological profile of oxycodone compared to that of morphine was shown, and thus oxycodone may be a useful alternative to morphine in the treatment of visceral pain syndromes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effect of local anesthesia on atypical odontalgia--a randomized controlled trial.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of lidocaine in a double-blind, controlled multi-center study on patients with atypical odontalgia (AO)--a possible orofacial neuropathic pain condition. Thirty-five consecutive AO patients (range 31-81 years) with a mean pain duration of 7.2 years (range 1-30 years) were recruited from four different orofacial pain clinics in Sweden. In a randomized cross-over design, 1.5 ml local anesthesia (20mg/ml lidocaine and 12.5 microg/ml adrenaline) or 1.5 ml saline (9 mg/ml NaCl solution) (placebo) was injected to block the painful area. ⋯ All patients demonstrated significant disturbances in somatosensory function on the painful side compared to the non-painful side as revealed by quantitative sensory tests, however, only one significant inverse correlation was found between percentage pain relief and the magnitude of brush-evoked allodynia (Spearman: P<0.01). In conclusion, AO patients experienced significant, but not complete, pain relief from administration of local anesthetics compared with placebo. The findings indicate that the spontaneous pain in AO patients only to some extent is dependent on peripheral afferent inputs and that sensitization of higher order neurons may be involved in the pathophysiology of AO.