European urology
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Chronic inflammation has been documented for years in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but only now has it become evident as a major factor in disease progression. This review highlights the immunologic key features of chronic inflammation in BPH and the present interpretation of these changes in the development and progression of BPH. ⋯ These data strongly suggest that BPH is an immune inflammatory disease. Unravelling the specific nature of immune dysregulation may help design novel drugs with these specific targets in mind.
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Predicting medical outcomes for pyelonephritis in women is difficult, leading to unnecessary hospitalization. Unlike other serious infectious diseases, high procalcitonin (PCT) level has never been associated with 28-d adverse medical outcomes in women with pyelonephritis. Therefore, we sought to determine the accuracy of PCT in discriminating between pyelonephritis with adverse medical outcome (PAMO) and pyelonephritis without adverse medical outcome (PWAMO). ⋯ A single PCT level was a poor predictor of 28-d adverse medical outcomes in women with pyelonephritis treated in the emergency department. Prediction based on underlying genitourinary abnormality by radiographic testing in addition to the PCT level should be investigated in future studies.
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An animal model for nonbacterial prostatitis in rats was developed with the use of intraprostatic injection of capsaicin, an agent thought to excite C-afferent fibers and cause neurogenic inflammation. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) was tested in this model. ⋯ Intraprostatic capsaicin injection induced neurogenic prostatitis and prostatic pain, and may be a useful research model. BoNT-A produced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and support clinical evaluation in prostatitis.
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A 62-yr-old woman with a 2-cm enhancing renal mass in the right moiety of a horseshoe kidney was treated via a four-port transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The tumour was excised by cold scissors, and the parenchyma was sutured with Vicryl 1 sutures with Surgicel bolster and by using pledgets of Hem-o-lok((R)) clips. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a partial nephrectomy for tumour excision on a horseshoe kidney by a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach.