Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Tobacco use among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race individuals: 2002-2010.
Non-Hispanic Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NHs/PIs), and mixed-race individuals are the fastest growing segments of the US population. We examined prevalences and correlates of tobacco use among these understudied groups. Prevalences among whites were included as a comparison. ⋯ These new findings show prevalent tobacco use among NHs/PIs and mixed-race individuals, and highlight the importance of including these populations in future research and reporting.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Risk factors for incident nonmedical prescription opioid use and abuse and dependence: results from a longitudinal nationally representative sample.
There has been a significant increase in opioid prescriptions and the prevalence of opioid nonmedical use. Nonmedical use may lead to opioid abuse/dependence, a serious public health concern. The aim of this paper was to determine the mental and physical health predictors of incident nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and abuse/dependence, and the impact of comorbidity in a longitudinal, nationally representative sample. ⋯ These results suggest the importance of mental and physical comorbidity as a risk for NMPOU and abuse/dependence, emphasizing the need for careful screening practices when prescribing opioids.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Individual- and community-level correlates of cigarette-smoking trajectories from age 13 to 32 in a U.S. population-based sample.
Characterizing smoking behavior is important for informing etiologic models and targeting prevention efforts. This study explored the effects of both individual- and community-level variables in predicting cigarette use vs. non-use and level of use among adolescents as they transition into adulthood. ⋯ Individual- and community-level variables that distinguish smoking patterns within the population aid in understanding cigarette use versus non-use and the quantity of cigarette use into adulthood. Our findings suggest that efforts to prevent cigarette use would benefit from attention to both parental and peer smoking and individual well-being. Future work is needed to better understand the role of variables in the context of multiple levels (individual and community-level) on smoking trajectories.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Non-medical use of prescription drugs, polysubstance use, and mental health in transgender adults.
In recent years, the non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) has increased dramatically and has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Prior work has not examined this behavior in large samples of transgender adults. ⋯ Prescription drug misuse was relatively common in this sample and was robustly associated with emotional distress. Substance use and mental health interventions for this population may benefit from incorporating the assessment and treatment of NMUPD.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Coping and emotion regulation profiles as predictors of nonmedical prescription drug and illicit drug use among high-risk young adults.
Deficits in the ability to organize, integrate, and modulate emotions, thoughts, and behaviors when dealing with stress have been found to be related to the onset and escalation of substance use among adolescents and young adults. However, limited research has focused on understanding how coping and emotion regulation tendencies might be associated with different patterns of prescription and illicit drug use, particularly among high-risk young adults who may already face additional challenges relative to lower-risk populations. ⋯ This is among the first studies to show how coping and emotion regulation profiles predict distinct patterns of substance use. Results provide the groundwork for additional investigations that could have significant prevention and clinical implications for substance-using high-risk young adults.