The New England journal of medicine
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Because clinicians fear missing occult cervical-spine injuries, they obtain cervical radiographs for nearly all patients who present with blunt trauma. Previous research suggests that a set of clinical criteria (decision instrument) can identify patients who have an extremely low probability of injury and who consequently have no need for imaging studies. ⋯ A simple decision instrument based on clinical criteria can help physicians to identify reliably the patients who need radiography of the cervical spine after blunt trauma. Application of this instrument could reduce the use of imaging in such patients.
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Computed tomography (CT) is widely used as a screening test in patients with minor head injury, although the results are often normal. We performed a study to develop and validate a set of clinical criteria that could be used to identify patients with minor head injury who do not need to undergo CT. ⋯ For the evaluation of patients with minor head injury, the use of CT can be safely limited to those who have certain clinical findings.
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Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease mediated by autoantibodies against desmoglein 1. The endemic form is thought to have an environmental cause. The Terena reservation of Limão Verde in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is a recently identified focus of the disease, with a prevalence of 3.4 percent in the population. We tested the hypothesis that normal subjects living in an endemic area have antibodies against desmoglein 1. ⋯ The prevalence of antibodies against desmoglein 1 is high among normal subjects living in an area among where fogo selvagem is endemic, and the onset of the disease is preceded by a sustained antibody response. These findings support the concept that the production of antibodies against desmoglein 1 is initiated by exposure to an unknown environmental agent.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Incidence of cancer after prophylaxis with warfarin against recurrent venous thromboembolism. Duration of Anticoagulation Trial.
The length of time after an episode of venous thromboembolism during which the risk of newly diagnosed cancer is increased is not known, and whether vitamin K antagonists have an antineoplastic effect is controversial. ⋯ The risk of newly diagnosed cancer after a first episode of venous thromboembolism is elevated during at least the following two years. Subsequently, the risk seems to be lower among patients treated with oral anticoagulants for six months than among those treated for six weeks.