Psychopharmacology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Subtle effects of ketamine on memory when administered following stimulus presentation.
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (e.g., PCP, ketamine) have been shown to impair learning/memory. Well documented in animal models, only limited research in humans has been reported. Findings to date are similar to results of animal studies; however, antagonists are typically administered before the learning experience. This may be problematic as memory failure could be secondary to inattention induced by the psychotomimetic effects of these drugs and/or alterations in sensory processing which can degrade the quality of the stimulus, thereby affecting the accuracy of recall. ⋯ Findings suggest that aspects of memory consolidation are affected by drugs that interfere with NMDA receptor function.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Changes in food reward following smoking cessation: a pharmacogenetic investigation.
Despite the high prevalence and public health significance of weight gain following smoking cessation, little is known about the underlying bio-behavioral mechanisms or effective therapies. ⋯ These results provide new evidence that the increase in body weight that occurs following smoking cessation is related to increases in food reward, and that food reward is partly determined by genetic factors. Bupropion's efficacy in attenuating abstinence-induced weight gain may be attributable, in part, to decreasing food reward.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Characterizing the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oral oxycodone in non-drug-abusing volunteers.
The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a widely prescribed and abused prescription opioid, oxycodone, have not been studied in a population of non-drug-abusing people. ⋯ Oxycodone produced effects similar to those of other mu opioid agonists. Although oxycodone produced abuse liability-related subjective effects, it also produced unpleasant effects, a phenomenon we have observed in other opioid studies in non-drug-abusing volunteers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Cognitive and motor function after administration of hydrocodone bitartrate plus ibuprofen, ibuprofen alone, or placebo in healthy subjects with exercise-induced muscle damage: a randomized, repeated-dose, placebo-controlled study.
Medications combining hydrocodone bitartrate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents appear more beneficial than anti-inflammatory medications alone in treating pain and inflammation from acute soft tissue trauma, but opiate side effects may include sedation and impaired cognitive and motor performance. ⋯ Hydrocodone plus ibuprofen was not associated with deterioration in complex cognition but was related to very transitory decrements in tasks involving simple hand-eye coordination.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Interaction between naltrexone and oral THC in heavy marijuana smokers.
Studies in non-human animals suggest that opioid antagonists block the reinforcing effects of cannabinoids. ⋯ These studies demonstrate that naltrexone increases the subjective effects of oral THC. Thus, oral THC's effects are enhanced rather than antagonized by opioid receptor blockade in heavy marijuana smokers.