Journal of advanced nursing
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The aims of the study were to carry out a critical incident study to: (1) Describe what nurses consider to be spiritual needs; (2) Explore how nurses respond to the spiritual needs of their patients; (3) Typify nurses' involvement in spiritual dimensions of care; (4) Describe the effect of nurses' intervention related to spiritual care. ⋯ The study concluded that there is scope for developing an ideal model of spiritual care using the critical incident data from this study.
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Stressors, coping and demographic variables were examined as predictors of burnout in a sample of hospice nurses. The study aimed to investigate the level of burnout among hospice nurses; to ascertain which aspects of nursing work were positively or negatively related to burnout; to examine the relative contributions made by these different variables and to suggest individual and organizational interventions to reduce levels of burnout. ⋯ The importance of not labelling individuals as good and bad 'copers' was discussed, as the effectiveness of a strategy may depend on the situation. It was concluded that the investigation of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping in relation to burnout, was oversimplifying the coping-burnout relationship. Suggestions for stress management included staff training in counselling skills, monitoring staff conflict, implementing stress inoculation training to teach appropriate use of coping skills and finally, monitoring particularly vulnerable groups of hospice staff such as unqualified nursing assistants and qualified nurses in management positions. It was concluded that despite the difficult nature of hospice work, the hospice is a positive environment in which to work.
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This methodological research developed and evaluated the moral distress scale from 1994 to 1997. ⋯ The results support the reliability and validity of the MDS.
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This study describes three tacit definitions of informal caregiving and explores the extent to which differences in these tacit definitions explain variation in caregivers' negative mood over time. ⋯ Better understanding of caregivers' tacit definitions can facilitate and enhance effective support and interventions for caregivers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Relaxation and music to reduce postsurgical pain.
We investigated the effects of relaxation, music, and the combination of relaxation and music on postoperative pain, across and between two days and two activities (ambulation and rest) and across ambulation each day. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial was conducted from 1995 to 1997. ⋯ Nurses can safely recommend any of these interventions for pain on both postoperative days and at both ambulation and rest.