Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialA phase I, randomized, open-label, crossover study of the single-dose pharmacokinetic properties of guanfacine extended-release 1-, 2-, and 4-mg tablets in healthy adults.
Guanfacine is an alpha(2)-adrenoreceptor agonist used to treat children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. An extended-release formulation of guanfacine is currently under development. ⋯ In these 49 healthy adult subjects, the single-dose pharmacokinetic properties of GXR 1-, 2-, and 4-mg tablets appeared to be statistically linear; that is, increases in mean C(max), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity) of guanfacine were proportional to dose, with the exception of the increase in mean C(max) between GXR 1 and 2 mg. All doses appeared to be well tolerated, with no serious AEs or withdrawal or discontinuation from study participation due to AEs reported.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2007
Prevalence and treatment of dyslipidemia in Canadian primary care: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies suggest that dyslipidemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in Canada. ⋯ Based on the results of this retrospective cohort analysis, dyslipidemia prevalence in Canadian primary care is high, and despite clinical evidence and treatment guidelines, dyslipidemia is largely untreated in family practice, suggesting a gap in care.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyFentanyl buccal tablet for the relief of breakthrough pain in opioid-tolerant adult patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Patients with chronic noncancer pain, including neuropathic pain, may have transitory exacerbations of pain (median duration, 60 minutes), termed breakthrough pain (BTP), that may reach peak intensity within minutes. Typical short-acting oral opioids may not provide sufficiently rapid relief (30- to 60-minute onset of analgesia). The fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) provides a rapid onset of analgesia (10-15 minutes) by enhancing fentanyl absorption across the buccal mucosa. ⋯ In these opioid-tolerant patients with chronic neuropathic pain who identified an effective FBT dose, FBT had a rapid onset of action and was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of BTP.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyCodeine/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination tablets for the management of chronic cancer pain in adults: a 23-day, prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study.
Analgesics are an essential component of the treatment of cancer-associated pain. Pharmacologic treatment is usually begun with nonopioid analgesics, most frequently acetaminophen. If pain relief is not achieved, the so-called "weak" opioids, such as codeine and hydrocodone, may be used in combination with acetaminophen. Adverse effects (AEs) of the opioids include constipation, somnolence, nausea, and vomiting. Based on the results of a literature search, data comparing the effects of the opioids are lacking. ⋯ In this study, efficacy and tolerability were comparable between C/A and H/A over 23 days of treatment in these patients with moderate or severe, chronic, cancer-related pain.