Pathologie-biologie
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Celiac disease is an enteropathy due to gluten intake in genetically predisposed persons (HLA DQ2/DQ8). Celiac disease occurs in adults and children at rates approaching 1% of population in Europe and USA. Celiac disease is extremely various and anaemia, oral aphthous stomatis, amenorrhea or articular symptoms may be the only revealing symptoms. ⋯ Gluten free diet allows prevention of malignant complications such as small bowel adenocarcinoma and lymphoma and osteopenia. The main cause of resistance to gluten free diet is its bad observance. On the contrary, serious complications of celiac disease, such as clonal refractory celiac sprue and intestinal T-cell lymphoma need to be screen.
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Pathologie-biologie · Dec 2012
ReviewPathogenic free-living amoebae: epidemiology and clinical review.
Free-living amoebae are widely distributed in soil and water. Small number of them was implicated in human disease: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Sappinia diploidea. ⋯ Although, the number of infections caused by these amoebae is low, their diagnosis was still difficult to confirm and so there was a higher mortality, particularly, associated with encephalitis. In this review, we present some information about epidemiology, ecology and the types of diseases caused by these pathogens amoebae.
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Pathologie-biologie · Oct 2012
Review[Host inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response during sepsis].
Sepsis still remains the major complication for patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU), and is responsible for numerous deaths. ICU patients admitted after sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, severe trauma, severe burns or major surgery show a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This syndrome is characterized by an exacerbation of inflammation, with increased levels of pro- (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8) as well as anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1Ra, TGFβ) cytokines into their bloodstream. ⋯ Furthermore, the host response is accompanied by an alteration of the ex vivo response of circulating leukocytes, particularly monocytes. This hyporesponsiveness to LPS is associated with a decreased activation of the transcription factor NF-κB (required for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines) and an increased expression of negative regulators of the NF-κB pathway. However, the leukocyte hyporesponsiveness is not a global phenomenon, it depends on the type of patient, on the receptor-activator pair, on the timing, and on the cytokine.
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Pathologie-biologie · Feb 2012
Review Historical ArticleCelebration of the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the French society for connective tissue research. Its short history in the frame of the origin and development of this discipline.
The science of connective tissues has (at least) a double origin. Collagen, their major constituent was first studied in conjunction with the leather industry. Acid mucopolysaccharides (now glycosaminoglycans) were characterised by (bio)-chemists interested in glycoconjugates. ⋯ Their meetings, organised every second year, drained a wide attendance from all over the world. An increasing number of young scientists joined since then this branch of biomedical discipline with several international journals devoted to connective tissue research, to matrix biology. The increasing number and quality of the young generation of scientists engaged in research related to the extracellular matrix or better Biomatrix and cell-matrix interactions is a further guarantee for the continued interest in this crucial field of science at the interface of basic and medically oriented research.
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Pathologie-biologie · Dec 2011
Review[Reversing ICU-acquired immunosuppression: an innovative biomarker-guided therapeutic strategy for decreasing sepsis mortality and nosocomial infection rate].
Septic syndromes (systemic inflammatory response associated with infection) remain a major although largely under-recognized health care problem and represent the first cause of mortality in intensive care units. Regarding immune response, it is now agreed that sepsis induces an anti-inflammatory process, acting as a negative feedback. ⋯ Decreased HLA-DR expression on monocytes/increased percentage of regulatory T cells are biomarkers identifying patients at risk who could benefit from immunotherapy. This review attempts to integrate these new facts into an up-to-date account of sepsis pathophysiology.